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Part Three – Chapter Twenty-four (第二十四章)

探索《安娜·卡列尼娜》第24章,包含英文原文、中文(简体)翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读技巧。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 The night spent by Levin on the haycock did not pass without result for him. The way in which he had been managing his land revolted him and had lost all attraction for him. In spite of the magnificent harvest, never had there been, or, at least, never it seemed to him, had there been so many hindrances and so many quarrels between him and the peasants as that year, and the origin of these failures and this hostility was now perfectly comprehensible to him. The delight he had experienced in the work itself, and the consequent greater intimacy with the peasants, the envy he felt of them, of their life, the desire to adopt that life, which had been to him that night not a dream but an intention, the execution of which he had thought out in detail-all this had so transformed his view of the farming of the land as he had managed it, that he could not take his former interest in it, and could not help seeing that unpleasant relation between him and the workpeople which was the foundation of it all. The herd of improved cows such as Pava, the whole land ploughed over and enriched, the nine level fields surrounded with hedges, the two hundred and forty acres heavily manured, the seed sown in drills, and all the rest of it-it was all splendid if only the work had been done for themselves, or for themselves and comrades-people in sympathy with them. But he saw clearly now (his work on a book of agriculture, in which the chief element in husbandry was to have been the laborer, greatly assisted him in this) that the sort of farming he was carrying on was nothing but a cruel and stubborn struggle between him and the laborers, in which there was on one side-his side-a continual intense effort to change everything to a pattern he considered better; on the other side, the natural order of things. And in this struggle he saw that with immense expenditure of force on his side, and with no effort or even intention on the other side, all that was attained was that the work did not go to the liking of either side, and that splendid tools, splendid cattle and land were spoiled with no good to anyone. Worst of all, the energy expended on this work was not simply wasted. He could not help feeling now, since the meaning of this system had become clear to him, that the aim of his energy was a most unworthy one. In reality, what was the struggle about? He was struggling for every farthing of his share (and he could not help it, for he had only to relax his efforts, and he would not have had the money to pay his laborerswages), while they were only struggling to be able to do their work easily and agreeably, that is to say, as they were used to doing it.

列文在干草堆上度过的那个夜晚,并非毫无收获。他先前经营田产的那套方式,如今让他感到厌恶,再也提不起半点兴致。虽说今年收成极好,但在他与农民之间,还从未出现过--至少在他看来从未出现过--这么多障碍和争吵,而如今,这些失败与敌对的根源,他看得一清二楚。他在劳动本身中体验到的喜悦,以及由此带来的与农民们更密切的交往、对他们生活的羡慕、想效仿那种生活的渴望--那一夜,对他而言,这已不再是梦,而是有了具体打算的意向--所有这些,都彻底改变了他对自己经营方式的看法,以至于他再也无法像从前那样投入,并且不得不看清那一切的基础--即他与劳动者之间那种令人不快的对立关系。那些改良的奶牛,比如帕瓦,整片深耕施肥的土地,九块围了篱笆的平整农田,两百四十英亩施足了肥的田地,用条播机播下的种子,以及其他种种--这一切,如果是为了自己干活,或者是为了自己和志同道合的伙伴们干活,那当然美妙极了。但他现在清楚地看到(他正在写一本农业专著,其中强调农业的主要因素是劳动者,这对他大有帮助),他所推行的这种耕作方式,无非是他与劳动者之间一场残酷而顽强的斗争:一方面--他这一方--是持续不断的强烈努力,想把一切都改造成他认为更好的模式;另一方面,则是事物固有的自然秩序。在这场斗争中,他看到自己付出了巨大的力气,而对方却毫不费力,甚至根本没有意愿,结果不过是两方都不满意,好好的工具、好好的牲畜和土地都被糟蹋了,对谁都没好处。更糟的是,他花在这件事上的精力不仅仅是白费了。如今既然看清了这一体系的含义,他不由得感到,自己精力的目标实在是不值一提。说到底,这是为什么而斗争呢?他是在为他的每一点利益而斗争(他不得不如此,因为他一放松,就没钱付工钱了),而他们却只求干得轻松愉快,也就是说,照他们习惯的方式干活。

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revolted /rɪˈvəʊltɪd/
v. 感到厌恶,反感
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magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfɪsənt/
adj. 壮丽的,宏伟的
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hindrances /ˈhɪndrənsɪz/
n. 障碍,阻碍
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quarrels /ˈkwɒrəlz/
n. 争吵,吵架
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origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/
n. 起源,根源
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failures /ˈfeɪljəz/
n. 失败,失败的事
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hostility /hɒˈstɪləti/
n. 敌意,敌对
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comprehensible /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl/
adj. 可理解的,易懂的
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consequent /ˈkɒnsɪkwənt/
adj. 随之而来的,作为结果的
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intimacy /ˈɪntɪməsi/
n. 亲密,亲近
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envy /ˈenvi/
n. 嫉妒,羡慕
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adopt /əˈdɒpt/
v. 采纳,收养
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intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/
n. 意图,打算
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execution /ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃn/
n. 执行,实施
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transformed /trænsˈfɔːmd/
v. 改变,转变
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foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃn/
n. 基础,地基
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enriched /ɪnˈrɪtʃt/
adj. 富饶的,丰富了的
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hedges /ˈhedʒɪz/
n. 树篱,篱笆
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manured /məˈnjʊəd/
v. 施肥
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drills /drɪlz/
n. 条播行,钻孔
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splendid /ˈsplendɪd/
adj. 辉煌的,极好的
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agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/
n. 农业
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husbandry /ˈhʌzbəndri/
n. 农耕,畜牧业
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laborer /ˈleɪbərə/
n. 劳动者,工人
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cruel /ˈkruːəl/
adj. 残忍的,残酷的
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stubborn /ˈstʌbən/
adj. 顽固的,倔强的
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continual /kənˈtɪnjuəl/
adj. 持续的,频繁的
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intense /ɪnˈtens/
adj. 强烈的,紧张的
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pattern /ˈpætən/
n. 模式,图案
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immense /ɪˈmens/
adj. 巨大的,无边的
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expenditure /ɪkˈspendɪtʃə/
n. 支出,花费
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expended /ɪkˈspendɪd/
v. 消耗,花费
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attained /əˈteɪnd/
v. 达到,获得
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spoiled /spɔɪld/
v. 糟蹋,宠坏
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unworthy /ʌnˈwɜːði/
adj. 不值得的,不配的
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agreeably /əˈɡriːəbli/
adv. 愉快地,宜人地
🔊 It was for his interests that every laborer should work as hard as possible, and that while doing so he should keep his wits about him, so as to try not to break the winnowing machines, the horse rakes, the thrashing machines, that he should attend to what he was doing. What the laborer wanted was to work as pleasantly as possible, with rests, and above all, carelessly and heedlessly, without thinking. That summer Levin saw this at every step. He sent the men to mow some clover for hay, picking out the worst patches where the clover was overgrown with grass and weeds and of no use for seed; again and again they mowed the best acres of clover, justifying themselves by the pretense that the bailiff had told them to, and trying to pacify him with the assurance that it would be splendid hay; but he knew that it was owing to those acres being so much easier to mow. He sent out a hay machine for pitching the hay-it was broken at the first row because it was dull work for a peasant to sit on the seat in front with the great wings waving above him. And he was told, "Dont trouble, your honor, sure, the womenfolks will pitch it quick enough." The ploughs were practically useless, because it never occurred to the laborer to raise the share when he turned the plough, and forcing it round, he strained the horses and tore up the ground, and Levin was begged not to mind about it. The horses were allowed to stray into the wheat because not a single laborer would consent to be night-watchman, and in spite of orders to the contrary, the laborers insisted on taking turns for night duty, and Ivan, after working all day long, fell asleep, and was very penitent for his fault, saying, "Do what you will to me, your honor."

为了他的利益,每个工人都该拼命干活,同时还得留神,别把风选机、马拉耙、打谷机弄坏,得专心致志。而工人想要的,却是干得越轻松越好,能歇就歇,最好随随便便、漫不经心,不用动脑子。那个夏天,列文处处都看到了这一点。他派人去割些三叶草做干草,特意选了长得最差的地块--那里草夹杂着杂草,不能留种--可那些人一而再、再而三地割了最好的三叶草,还借口说是管家吩咐的,又安慰他说这草晒成干草肯定好极了;但列文知道,那是因为那些地块割起来省力。他派了一架堆草机去堆草--结果第一排就坏了,因为让一个农夫坐在前面、头顶上大翅膀呼呼转的座位上,实在是个苦差事。工人对他说:“别费心了,老爷,女人堆草快着呢。”犁也几乎没法用,因为农夫掉头时从来想不到提起犁头,硬拽着转弯,既伤了马,又翻坏了地,列文还得被劝着别在意。马跑到麦田里也没人管,因为没有一个工人愿意值夜,尽管有相反的命令,工人们却坚持要轮流值夜,伊万一整天干完活后睡着了,对自己的过失非常悔恨,说:“随您怎么处置吧,老爷。”

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winnowing /ˈwɪnəʊɪŋ/
adj. 扬谷的,谷物的
🔊
thrashing /ˈθræʃɪŋ/
n. 打谷,打败
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heedlessly /ˈhiːdləsli/
adv. 不注意地,掉以轻心地
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mow /məʊ/
v. 割(草),收割
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clover /ˈkləʊvə/
n. 三叶草
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overgrown /ˌəʊvəˈɡrəʊn/
adj. 蔓生的,杂草丛生的
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justifying /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪɪŋ/
v. 辩护,证明正当
🔊
pretense /prɪˈtens/
n. 借口,假装
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bailiff /ˈbeɪlɪf/
n. 庄园管理人,法警
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pacify /ˈpæsɪfaɪ/
v. 安抚,使平静
🔊
assurance /əˈʃʊərəns/
n. 保证,确信
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pitching /ˈpɪtʃɪŋ/
v. 投掷,堆(草)
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strained /streɪnd/
v. 拉紧,过度使用
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stray /streɪ/
v. 走失,流浪
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consent /kənˈsent/
v. 同意,赞同
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night-watchman /ˈnaɪt ˈwɒtʃmən/
n. 守夜人
🔊
insisted /ɪnˈsɪstɪd/
v. 坚持,坚决要求
🔊
penitent /ˈpenɪtənt/
adj. 忏悔的,后悔的

他们杀了三头最好的牛犊,因为它们被放进再生三叶草地时没注意饮水,可无论怎样也没法让工人们相信那是被三叶草胀死的,他们反而安慰列文说,他有个邻居三天内损失了一百一十二头牲畜。这一切发生,并非因为有人对列文或他的田产怀有恶意;相反,他知道工人们喜欢他,认为他是个朴实的绅士(这是他们最高的赞誉)。但这一切只是因为工人们只想过得快活、随意,而他的利益不仅与他们无关、无法理解,而且与他们最正当的诉求背道而驰。早先,列文就对自己与土地的关系感到不满。他看到船在漏水,却不去找漏洞,也许是在故意欺骗自己(因为一旦失去信仰,他就一无所有了)。但现在他再也不能自欺欺人了。他眼下经营的这种田产方式,不仅让他提不起兴趣,甚至让他感到厌恶,他再也无法为之投入。

🔊
calves /kɑːvz/
n. 小牛(复数)
🔊
aftermath /ˈɑːftəmæθ/
n. 后果,再生草
🔊
consolation /ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃn/
n. 安慰,慰藉
🔊
ill-will /ˈɪl wɪl/
n. 恶意,敌意
🔊
incomprehensible /ɪnˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl/
adj. 不可理解的,费解的
🔊
fatally /ˈfeɪtəli/
adv. 致命地,灾难性地
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dissatisfaction /dɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/
n. 不满,不满意
🔊
leaked /liːkt/
v. 泄漏
🔊
purposely /ˈpɜːpəsli/
adv. 故意地
🔊
deceiving /dɪˈsiːvɪŋ/
v. 欺骗
🔊
unattractive /ˌʌnəˈtræktɪv/
adj. 不吸引人的,乏味的
🔊
revolting /rɪˈvəʊltɪŋ/
adj. 令人厌恶的

如今,又加上基蒂·谢尔巴茨卡娅就住在仅仅二十五俄里外,他渴望见到她却又无法见到。达里娅·亚历山德罗夫娜·奥布隆斯卡娅曾在他去那边时邀请过他,让他再去一趟,目的是再次向她妹妹求婚,她暗示说如今妹妹会接受他。列文本人在见到基蒂·谢尔巴茨卡娅时也感到,自己从未停止过爱她;但他明知她在那里,却不能去奥布隆斯基家。他曾向她求婚而她拒绝了他,这件事在他和她之间设下了一道无法逾越的障碍。“我不能仅仅因为她不能嫁给她想嫁的那个人,就去请求她做我的妻子,”他对自己说。这个念头让他对她感到冷淡和敌意。“我跟她说话时不可能不带着责备;我看她时不可能没有怨恨;而她只会更加恨我,这是必然的。更何况,在达里娅·亚历山德罗夫娜告诉我那些话之后,我怎么还能去看她们呢?我怎能不表现出我知道她告诉我的话?而我还要宽宏大量地去原谅她、同情她!我去她面前演一出宽恕的戏,屈尊赐予她我的爱!……达里娅·亚历山德罗夫娜为什么要告诉我那些?要是我偶然遇见她,事情自然就解决了;可眼下这样,绝无可能,绝无可能!”

🔊
presence /ˈprezns/
n. 存在,出席
🔊
longed /lɒŋd/
v. 渴望,思念
🔊
insuperable /ɪnˈsuːpərəbl/
adj. 不可逾越的,无法克服的
🔊
barrier /ˈbæriə/
n. 障碍,障碍物
🔊
reproach /rɪˈprəʊtʃ/
n. 责备,指责
🔊
resentment /rɪˈzentmənt/
n. 怨恨,愤恨
🔊
magnanimously /mæɡˈnænɪməsli/
adv. 宽宏大量地
🔊
deigning /ˈdeɪnɪŋ/
v. 屈尊,放下架
🔊
bestow /bɪˈstəʊ/
v. 赠予,授予
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induced /ɪnˈdjuːst/
v. 诱导,引起
🔊
hostile /ˈhɒstaɪl/
adj. 敌意的,不友好的

达里娅·亚历山德罗夫娜给他写了一封信,向他借一副女用马鞍给基蒂用。“听说您有一副女式马鞍,”她写道,“希望您能亲自送来。”

🔊
side-saddle /ˈsaɪd ˌsædl/
n. 偏鞍(一种女用马鞍)

这让他忍无可忍。一个有头脑、有教养的女人,怎么能让自己的妹妹处于如此屈辱的境地!他写了十封回信,又全撕了,只把鞍子送去,没有回一个字。写信说他会去是不可能的,因为他不能去;写信说他不能来是因为有事情耽搁,或者说他要去外地,那就更糟了。他没回信就送去了鞍子,心里感到自己做了件丢脸的事;他把那已令人生厌的田产事务全交给了管家,第二天便出发到边远的县里去看望朋友斯维亚日斯基--他那里附近有极好的沼泽地可以猎松鸡,最近还写信来提醒列文履行早先许下的去他那里住几天的诺言。苏罗夫斯县的那个松鸡沼泽早让列文心痒,但他一直因为田产上的事而推迟此行。现在他很高兴能远离谢尔巴茨基家所在地,更是远离他的农活,尤其是他始终觉得,打猎总是排解烦恼的最佳良药。

🔊
intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/
n. 智力,情报
🔊
delicacy /ˈdelɪkəsi/
n. 精致,微妙,美味
🔊
humiliating /hjuːˈmɪlieɪtɪŋ/
adj. 羞辱性的,丢脸的
🔊
shameful /ˈʃeɪmfl/
adj. 可耻的,丢脸的
🔊
marshes /ˈmɑːʃɪz/
n. 沼泽,湿地
🔊
grouse /ɡraʊs/
n. 松鸡
🔊
long-standing /ˈlɒŋ ˈstændɪŋ/
adj. 长期存在的,长期的
🔊
tempted /ˈtemptɪd/
v. 诱惑,引诱
🔊
continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/
adv. 持续地,频繁地
🔊
expedition /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/
n. 远征,探险
🔊
grouse-marsh /ˈɡraʊs mɑːʃ/
n. 松鸡沼泽地
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。