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Book Eleven: 1812 – Chapter four (第四章)

探索《战争与和平》第4章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 The Council of War began to assemble at two in the afternoon in the better and roomier part of Andrew Savostyánovs hut. The men, women, and children of the large peasant family crowded into the back room across the passage. Only Malásha, Andrews six-year-old granddaughter whom his Serene Highness had petted and to whom he had given a lump of sugar while drinking his tea, remained on the top of the brick oven in the larger room. Malásha looked down from the oven with shy delight at the faces, uniforms, and decorations of the generals, who one after another came into the room and sat down on the broad benches in the corner under the icons. “Granddadhimself, as Malásha in her own mind called Kutúzov, sat apart in a dark corner behind the oven. He sat, sunk deep in a folding armchair, and continually cleared his throat and pulled at the collar of his coat which, though it was unbuttoned, still seemed to pinch his neck. Those who entered went up one by one to the field marshal; he pressed the hands of some and nodded to others. His adjutant Kaysárov was about to draw back the curtain of the window facing Kutúzov, but the latter moved his hand angrily and Kaysárov understood that his Serene Highness did not wish his face to be seen. Round the peasants deal table, on which lay maps, plans, pencils, and papers, so many people gathered that the orderlies brought in another bench and put it beside the table. Ermólov, Kaysárov, and Toll, who had just arrived, sat down on this bench. In the foremost place, immediately under the icons, sat Barclay de Tolly, his high forehead merging into his bald crown. He had a St. Georges Cross round his neck and looked pale and ill. He had been feverish for two days and was now shivering and in pain. Beside him sat Uvárov, who with rapid gesticulations was giving him some information, speaking in low tones as they all did. Chubby little Dokhtúrov was listening attentively with eyebrows raised and arms folded on his stomach. On the other side sat Count Ostermann-Tolstóy, seemingly absorbed in his own thoughts. His broad head with its bold features and glittering eyes was resting on his hand. Raévski, twitching forward the black hair on his temples as was his habit, glanced now at Kutúzov and now at the door with a look of impatience. Konovnítsyns firm, handsome, and kindly face was lit up by a tender, sly smile. His glance met Maláshas, and the expression of his eyes caused the little girl to smile.

下午两点,军事会议在安德烈·萨沃斯季扬诺夫那间更宽敞、更整洁的农舍里开始聚集。这户农民大家庭的男女老少都挤在过道对面的后屋里。只有玛拉莎--安德烈六岁的小孙女,因为殿下曾抚爱过她,喝茶时还给了她一块糖--仍留在大房间的砖炕上。玛拉莎从炕上羞涩而又喜悦地望着那些将军们的脸庞、军服和勋章,他们一个接一个地走进房间,在角落里圣像下宽大的长凳上坐下。“老爷爷”本人--玛拉莎心里这样称呼库图佐夫--则独自坐在炕后面一个黑暗的角落里。他深深地陷在一把折叠扶手椅里,不停地清着嗓子,拽着上衣的领子--那上衣虽然解开了纽扣,却似乎仍勒着他的脖子。进来的人一个个走到元帅面前;他握着一些人的手,向另一些人点头致意。他的副官凯萨罗夫正要拉下朝向库图佐夫那边的窗帘,但库图佐夫生气地摆了摆手,凯萨罗夫明白,殿下不想让人看见他的脸。农民的那张松木桌子周围,摆着地图、计划、铅笔和文件,聚集了那么多人,勤务兵们又搬来一条长凳,放在桌旁。刚刚到达的叶尔莫洛夫、凯萨罗夫和托尔坐在这条凳子上。坐首席的是巴克莱·德·托利,紧挨着圣像下方,他的高额头与秃顶融为一体。他脖子上挂着一枚圣乔治十字架,面色苍白,像是病了。他发烧已经两天,此刻正打着寒战,疼痛难忍。他旁边坐着乌瓦罗夫,正迅速地打着手势,低声向他汇报着什么--大家说话声音都很低。胖墩墩的小个子多赫图罗夫正聚精会神地听着,眉毛扬起,双手交叉放在肚子上。对面坐着奥斯特曼-托尔斯泰伯爵,似乎沉浸在自己的思绪中。他那宽阔的头颅,带着大胆的五官和闪闪发光的眼睛,正用手支撑着。拉耶夫斯基像往常一样捻着鬓角的黑发,不耐烦地时而看看库图佐夫,时而看看门口。科诺夫尼岑那张坚定、英俊、和善的脸上浮现出温柔而狡黠的微笑。他的目光与玛拉莎相遇,眼神中的表情让小姑娘也笑了起来。

🔊
assemble /əˈsembl/
v. 集合,聚集
🔊
hut /hʌt/
n. 小屋,简陋的房屋
🔊
peasant /ˈpeznt/
n. 农民,农夫
🔊
crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/
adj. 拥挤的
🔊
passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/
n. 走廊,通道;段落
🔊
granddaughter /ˈɡrændɔːtər/
n. 孙女
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lump /lʌmp/
n. 块,团
🔊
brick /brɪk/
n.
🔊
oven /ˈʌvn/
n. 烤箱,炉
🔊
continually /kənˈtɪnjʊəli/
adv. 不断地,持续地
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unbuttoned /ʌnˈbʌtnd/
adj. 解开的(纽扣)
🔊
adjutant /ˈædʒʊtənt/
n. 副官,助手
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curtain /ˈkɜːtn/
n. 窗帘,幕布
🔊
latter /ˈlætər/
adj. 后者的,后一半的
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angrily /ˈæŋɡrɪli/
adv. 愤怒地
🔊
forehead /ˈfɒrɪd/
n. 额头
🔊
merging /ˈmɜːdʒɪŋ/
v. 合并,融合
🔊
bald /bɔːld/
adj. 秃头的,光秃的
🔊
feverish /ˈfiːvərɪʃ/
adj. 发烧的,狂热的
🔊
shivering /ˈʃɪvərɪŋ/
v. 颤抖,哆嗦
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gesticulations /dʒeˌstɪkjʊˈleɪʃnz/
n. 手势,示意动作
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information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/
n. 信息,情报
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tones /təʊnz/
n. 语气,音调
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seemingly /ˈsiːmɪŋli/
adv. 似乎,表面上
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absorbed /əbˈzɔːbd/
adj. 全神贯注的,被吸收的
🔊
bold /bəʊld/
adj. 大胆的,勇敢的;清晰的
🔊
glittering /ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ/
adj. 闪闪发光的
🔊
temples /ˈtemplz/
n. 太阳穴(复数形式)
🔊
habit /ˈhæbɪt/
n. 习惯
🔊
glanced /ɡlɑːnst/
v. 瞥了一眼
🔊
impatience /ɪmˈpeɪʃns/
n. 不耐烦,焦急
🔊
firm /fɜːm/
adj. 坚定的,稳固的
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handsome /ˈhænsəm/
adj. 英俊的,美观的
🔊
kindly /ˈkaɪndli/
adj. 和蔼的,亲切的
🔊
tender /ˈtendər/
adj. 温柔的,柔软的
🔊
sly /slaɪ/
adj. 狡黠的,狡猾的
🔊
expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/
n. 表情,表达
🔊
field marshal /fiːld ˈmɑːʃl/
n. 陆军元帅

大家都在等本尼格森,他借口视察阵地,正享用着他那顿美味的午餐。他们从四点一直等到六点,这段时间里并没有开始讨论,而是低声谈论着别的事情。

🔊
pretext /ˈpriːtekst/
n. 借口,托词
🔊
inspecting /ɪnˈspektɪŋ/
v. 检查,视察
🔊
savory /ˈseɪvəri/
adj. 美味的,可口的
🔊
deliberations /dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃnz/
n. 审议,商议

直到本尼格森走进小屋,库图佐夫才离开他的角落,向桌子靠拢,但并没有靠得太近,以免桌上放的蜡烛照亮他的脸。

🔊 Bennigsen opened the council with the question: “Are we to abandon Russias ancient and sacred capital without a struggle, or are we to defend it?” A prolonged and general silence followed. There was a frown on every face and only Kutúzovs angry grunts and occasional cough broke the silence. All eyes were gazing at him. Malásha too looked atGranddad.” She was nearest to him and saw how his face puckered; he seemed about to cry, but this did not last long.

本尼格森以这样一个问题开启了会议:“我们是不战而放弃俄国古老而神圣的首都,还是保卫它?”随后是一阵漫长而普遍的沉默。每张脸上都眉头紧锁,只有库图佐夫愤怒的哼哼声和偶尔的咳嗽打破了寂静。所有人的目光都注视着他。玛拉莎也看着“老爷爷”。她离他最近,看见他的脸皱了起来;他好像要哭了,但这并没有持续多久。

🔊
abandon /əˈbændən/
v. 放弃,遗弃
🔊
ancient /ˈeɪnʃnt/
adj. 古老的,古代的
🔊
sacred /ˈseɪkrɪd/
adj. 神圣的,宗教的
🔊
struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/
n. 斗争,挣扎
🔊
defend /dɪˈfend/
v. 防御,辩护
🔊
prolonged /prəˈlɒŋd/
adj. 长时间的,延长的
🔊
frown /fraʊn/
n. 皱眉,不悦的表情
🔊
grunts /ɡrʌnts/
n. 咕哝声,哼哼声
🔊
occasional /əˈkeɪʒənl/
adj. 偶尔的,临时的
🔊
gazing /ˈɡeɪzɪŋ/
v. 凝视,注视
🔊
puckered /ˈpʌkəd/
v. 皱起,起皱

“俄国古老而神圣的首都!”他突然说道,用愤怒的声音重复着本尼格森的话,从而引起了人们对这些话中虚假音调的注意。“请允许我告诉您,大人,这个问题对俄国人来说毫无意义。”(他笨重的身体向前倾了倾。)“这样的问题不能提;它是毫无意义的!我请这些先生们来讨论的问题是军事问题。问题是拯救俄国。是放弃莫斯科不战而胜,还是通过接受战斗来冒险同时失去军队和莫斯科?这就是我想要你们发表意见的问题,”说完他重新倒在椅子里。

🔊
thereby /ˌðeəˈbaɪ/
adv. 因此,从而
🔊
lurched /lɜːtʃt/
v. 摇晃,颠簸
🔊
senseless /ˈsensləs/
adj. 无意义的,愚蠢的
🔊
risk /rɪsk/
v. 冒险,面临……的风险
🔊
sank /sæŋk/
v. 沉下,退下
🔊
military /ˈmɪlətri/
adj. 军事的,军队的

讨论开始了。本尼格森还不认为自己的棋局已经输了。他承认巴克莱等人认为在菲力进行防御战是不可能的,但出于俄国人的爱国主义和对莫斯科的热爱,他建议连夜将部队从右翼调到左翼,第二天进攻法军的右翼。意见出现了分歧,支持和反对这一方案的理由都提了出来。叶尔莫洛夫、多赫图罗夫和拉耶夫斯基同意本尼格森的意见。也许觉得自己在放弃首都之前需要做出牺牲,也许是出于其他个人考虑,这些将军似乎不明白这次会议无法改变事件的必然进程,而莫斯科实际上已经被放弃了。然而,其他将军明白这一点,他们搁置了莫斯科的问题,转而谈论军队撤退时应采取的方向。

🔊
consider /kənˈsɪdər/
v. 考虑,认为
🔊
defensive /dɪˈfensɪv/
adj. 防御的,防守的
🔊
imbued /ɪmˈbjuːd/
adj. 充满的,浸透(某种感情)的
🔊
patriotism /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/
n. 爱国主义
🔊
proposed /prəˈpəʊzd/
v. 提议,建议
🔊
troops /truːps/
n. 军队,部队
🔊
flank /flæŋk/
n. 侧翼,侧面
🔊
opinions /əˈpɪnjənz/
n. 意见,看法(复数)
🔊
arguments /ˈɑːɡjumənts/
n. 论点,争论(复数)
🔊
advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/
v. 提出,推进
🔊
sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/
n. 牺牲
🔊
alter /ˈɔːltər/
v. 改变,修改
🔊
inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/
adj. 不可避免的,必然的
🔊
direction /dɪˈrekʃn/
n. 方向,指导
🔊
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/
n. 撤退,退却

玛拉莎的眼睛一直盯着眼前发生的一切,她理解会议的意义却不同。在她看来,这仅仅是“老爷爷”和她称之为“长外套”的本尼格森之间的个人斗争。她看到他们彼此说话时变得恶狠狠的,心里便站在“老爷爷”一边。谈话中间,她注意到“老爷爷”飞快而微妙地瞥了本尼格森一眼,然后,令她高兴的是,她看见“老爷爷”对“长外套”说了些什么,那话把他给制服了。

🔊
differently /ˈdɪfərəntli/
adv. 不同地
🔊
termed /tɜːmd/
v. 称为,把……叫做
🔊
spiteful /ˈspaɪtfl/
adj. 恶意的,怀恨的
🔊
sided /ˈsaɪdɪd/
v. 支持,站在某一边
🔊
midst /mɪdst/
n. 中间,当中
🔊
subtle /ˈsʌtl/
adj. 微妙的,敏锐的
🔊
joys /dʒɔɪz/
n. 快乐,喜悦(复数)
🔊
settled /ˈsetld/
v. 解决,安定
🔊
Long-coat /ˈlɒŋ kəʊt/
n. 长外套(玛拉莎给本尼格森起的绰号)
🔊 Bennigsen suddenly reddened and paced angrily up and down the room. What so affected him was Kutúzovs calm and quiet comment on the advantage or disadvantage of Bennigsens proposal to move troops by night from the right to the left flank to attack the French right wing.

本尼格森突然涨红了脸,气冲冲地在房间里踱来踱去。让他如此激动的是库图佐夫对本尼格森提出的连夜将部队从右翼调到左翼以攻击法军右翼的方案之利弊所做的平静而温和的评论。

🔊
reddened /ˈrednd/
v. 变红,脸红
🔊
paced /peɪst/
v. 踱步
🔊
affected /əˈfektɪd/
v. 影响,感动
🔊
calm /kɑːm/
adj. 冷静的,平静的
🔊
comment /ˈkɒment/
n. 评论,意见
🔊
advantage /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/
n. 优势,有利条件
🔊
disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/
n. 缺点,不利条件
🔊
proposal /prəˈpəʊzl/
n. 提议,建议
🔊
wing /wɪŋ/
n. 翼,侧翼

“先生们,”库图佐夫说,“我无法赞成伯爵的计划。在靠近敌人的地方调动部队总是危险的,军事历史也支持这一观点。例如……”库图佐夫似乎在沉思,搜索着例子,然后带着一种清澈、天真的眼神看着本尼格森,补充道:“哦,对了;就拿弗里德兰战役来说吧,我想伯爵一定记忆犹新,那次战役……并不完全成功,就因为我们的部队离敌人太近时做了重新部署……”

🔊
approve /əˈpruːv/
v. 批准,赞成
🔊
proximity /prɒkˈsɪməti/
n. 接近,邻近
🔊
enemy /ˈenəmi/
n. 敌人,敌军
🔊
dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
adj. 危险的
🔊
reflect /rɪˈflekt/
v. 思考,反映
🔊
naïve /naɪˈiːv/
adj. 天真的,幼稚的
🔊
remembers /rɪˈmembəz/
v. 记得(动词第三人称单数)
🔊
rearranged /ˌriːəˈreɪndʒd/
v. 重新部署,重新安排
🔊 There followed a momentary pause, which seemed very long to them all.

随后是一阵短暂的停顿,这停顿对他们所有人来说都显得格外漫长。

🔊
momentary /ˈməʊməntri/
adj. 短暂的,片刻的
🔊
pause /pɔːz/
n. 暂停,停顿
🔊 The discussion recommenced, but pauses frequently occurred and they all felt that there was no more to be said.

讨论重新开始,但停顿频频出现,大家都感到已无话可说了。

🔊
recommenced /ˌriːkəˈmenst/
v. 重新开始,继续
🔊
frequently /ˈfriːkwəntli/
adv. 频繁地,经常地
🔊
occurred /əˈkɜːd/
v. 发生,出现
🔊 During one of these pauses Kutúzov heaved a deep sigh as if preparing to speak. They all looked at him.

在一次停顿中,库图佐夫深深地叹了口气,仿佛准备要发言。大家都看着他。

🔊
heaved /hiːvd/
v. 发出(叹息),举起
🔊
sigh /saɪ/
n. 叹息,叹气
🔊
preparing /prɪˈpeərɪŋ/
v. 准备
🔊Well, gentlemen, I see that it is I who will have to pay for the broken crockery,” said he, and rising slowly he moved to the table. “Gentlemen, I have heard your views. Some of you will not agree with me. But I,” he paused, “by the authority entrusted to me by my Sovereign and country, order a retreat.”

“好吧,先生们,我看得出,这打碎的盘子得由我来赔了,”他说着,慢慢站起身,走到桌前。“先生们,我听了你们的意见。你们有些人不同意我的看法。但我,”他停顿了一下,“凭着我皇和祖国授予我的权力,我命令撤退。”

🔊
crockery /ˈkrɒkəri/
n. 陶器,餐具
🔊
authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/
n. 权威,权力
🔊
entrusted /ɪnˈtrʌstɪd/
v. 委托,信托
🔊
Sovereign /ˈsɒvrɪn/
n. 君主,最高统治者
🔊
order /ˈɔːdər/
v. 命令
🔊 After that the generals began to disperse with the solemnity and circumspect silence of people who are leaving, after a funeral.

之后,将军们开始散会,带着葬礼结束后人们离开时的庄重和小心翼翼的沉默。

🔊
disperse /dɪˈspɜːs/
v. 分散,驱散
🔊
solemnity /səˈlemnəti/
n. 庄严,严肃
🔊
circumspect /ˈsɜːkəmspekt/
adj. 谨慎的,周到的
🔊
funeral /ˈfjuːnərəl/
n. 葬礼
🔊 Some of the generals, in low tones and in a strain very different from the way they had spoken during the council, communicated something to their commander in chief.

有些将军低声细语,用与会议期间说话时截然不同的腔调,向总司令说了些什么。

🔊
strain /streɪn/
n. 语气,语调;紧张
🔊
communicated /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪtɪd/
v. 传达,交流
🔊
commander in chief /kəˈmɑːndər ɪn tʃiːf/
n. 总司令

玛拉莎早就等着吃晚饭了,她小心地倒着从炕上爬下来,光着的小脚踩在炕沿凸起处,从将军们的腿间溜过,猛地冲出了房间。

🔊
projections /prəˈdʒɛkʃənz/
n. 突出物,凸起部分

送走将军们后,库图佐夫用手肘撑在桌子上坐了很长时间,一直想着同一个可怕的问题:“什么时候,什么时候放弃莫斯科变得不可避免?是什么时候做了这个决定?这要怪谁?”

🔊
abandonment /əˈbændənmənt/
n. 放弃,遗弃

“我没有料到这样,”当晚副官施奈德进来时,他说道。“我没有料到这样!我没想到会发生这种事。”

“殿下,您应该休息一下,”施奈德回答说。

“不!他们迟早会吃马肉的,就像土耳其人那样!”库图佐夫没有回答,用他那胖乎乎的拳头敲着桌子喊道。“他们会的,只要……”

🔊
exclaimed /ɪkˈskleɪmd/
v. 呼喊;惊叫(exclaim的过去式)
🔊
podgy /ˈpɒdʒi/
adj. 矮胖的;圆胖的
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。