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Book Six: 1808 - 10 – Chapter five (第五章)

探索《战争与和平》第5章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)
🔊 While waiting for the announcement of his appointment to the committee, Prince Andrew looked up his former acquaintances, particularly those he knew to be in power and whose aid he might need. In Petersburg he now experienced the same feeling he had had on the eve of a battle, when troubled by anxious curiosity and irresistibly attracted to the ruling circles where the future, on which the fate of millions depended, was being shaped. From the irritation of the older men, the curiosity of the uninitiated, the reserve of the initiated, the hurry and preoccupation of everyone, and the innumerable committees and commissions of whose existence he learned every day, he felt that now, in eighteen hundred and nine, here in Petersburg a vast civil conflict was in preparation, the commander in chief of which was a mysterious person he did not know, but who was supposed to be a man of genius--Speranski. And this movement of reconstruction of which Prince Andrew had a vague idea, and Speranski its chief promoter, began to interest him so keenly that the question of the army regulations quickly receded to a secondary place in his consciousness.

在等待任命他为委员会委员的消息期间,安德烈公爵拜访了他以前的熟人,尤其是那些他知晓身居权力高位、可能对他有所助益的人。此刻在彼得堡,他体验到一种如同临战前夕的心情--被焦灼的好奇心所困扰,又被一种不可抗拒的力量吸引到那些统治圈子--决定千百万人命运的未来正在那里形成。从老辈人的恼怒、不知情者的好奇、知情者的缄默、众人的匆忙与专注,以及他每日都听闻其存在的无数委员会和专门机构中,他感觉到,在一八零九年,就在彼得堡,一场庞大的文职冲突正在酝酿,其总司令是一个他不认识的、却被认为是天才的神秘人物--斯佩兰斯基。这场改革运动--安德烈公爵对此只有一个模糊的概念--及其主要推动者斯佩兰斯基,开始引起他如此强烈的兴趣,以至于军务条例的问题迅速退居到他的意识中的次要位置。

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announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/
n. 公告;宣布
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appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/
n. 任命;约定
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committee /kəˈmɪti/
n. 委员会
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acquaintances /əˈkweɪntənsɪz/
n. 熟人;相识的人
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particularly /pərˈtɪkjələrli/
adv. 特别地;尤其
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aid /eɪd/
n. 援助;帮助
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anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/
adj. 焦虑的;渴望的
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curiosity /ˌkjʊriˈɒsəti/
n. 好奇心
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irresistibly /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbli/
adv. 不可抗拒地;无法抵抗地
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irritation /ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 恼怒;刺激
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uninitiated /ˌʌnɪˈnɪʃieɪtɪd/
adj. 缺乏经验的;不知情的
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reserve /rɪˈzɜːrv/
n. 拘谨;克制;储备
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initiated /ɪˈnɪʃieɪtɪd/
adj. 被传授的;有经验的
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preoccupation /priˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn/
n. 全神贯注;忧心忡忡;使人专注的事
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innumerable /ɪˈnjuːmərəbl/
adj. 无数的;数不清的
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conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/
n. 冲突;矛盾
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mysterious /mɪˈstɪriəs/
adj. 神秘的;难以理解的
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reconstruction /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃn/
n. 重建;重构
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vague /veɪɡ/
adj. 模糊的;不明确的
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promoter /prəˈməʊtər/
n. 推动者;发起人
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keenly /ˈkiːnli/
adv. 强烈地;敏锐地
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regulations /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃnz/
n. 规章;法规
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receded /rɪˈsiːdɪd/
v. 后退;减弱
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consciousness /ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/
n. 意识;知觉
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commander in chief /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/
n. 总司令

安德烈公爵处于一个极为有利的位置,得以在当时彼得堡最高层且最多样化的圈子里获得良好接待。改革派热情地欢迎并拉拢他,首先是因为他享有聪明且博学的声誉,其次是因为他解放了自己的农奴,赢得了开明派的声誉。而谴责新措施的老派不满分子则转向他,期望他同情他们对改革的反对,仅仅因为他是他父亲的儿子。女性社交界欣然接纳他,因为他富有、显赫、是上佳的婚配对象,几乎是个新面孔,又因他所谓的死亡和妻子的惨死而笼罩着一层浪漫的光环。此外,所有以前认识他的人普遍认为,在过去五年里他大有改善,变得柔和而更加成熟,失去了往日的矫揉造作、傲慢和轻蔑的讽刺,获得了随岁月而来的平和。人们谈论他,对他感兴趣,并渴望结识他。

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favorably /ˈfeɪvərəbli/
adv. 有利地;赞同地
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diverse /daɪˈvɜːrs/
adj. 多样的;不同的
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cordially /ˈkɔːrdiəli/
adv. 热诚地;诚挚地
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courted /ˈkɔːrtɪd/
v. 讨好;追求;招致
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reputed /rɪˈpjuːtɪd/
v. 被认为;据称
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censured /ˈsenʃərd/
v. 责备;谴责
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innovations /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃnz/
n. 创新;革新
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distinguished /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/
adj. 卓越的;著名的;高贵的
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halo /ˈheɪloʊ/
n. 光环;荣光
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tragic /ˈtrædʒɪk/
adj. 悲剧的;悲惨的
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affectation /ˌæfekˈteɪʃn/
n. 矫揉造作;假装
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contemptuous /kənˈtemptʃuəs/
adj. 轻蔑的;鄙视的
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irony /ˈaɪrəni/
n. 讽刺;反语
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acquired /əˈkwaɪərd/
v. 获得;习得
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serenity /səˈrenəti/
n. 宁静;安详
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previously /ˈpriːviəsli/
adv. 以前;先前
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liberating /ˈlɪbəreɪtɪŋ/
v. 解放;释放
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serfs /sɜːrfs/
n. 农奴

与阿拉克切耶夫伯爵会面后的第二天,安德烈公爵在科丘别伊伯爵家度过了一个晚上。他告诉伯爵他与西拉·安德烈耶维奇会面的经过--科丘别伊用这个绰号称呼阿拉克切耶夫,带着安德烈公爵在陆军大臣接待室里注意到的那种模糊的讽刺。“我亲爱的,这件事你仍然离不开米哈伊尔·米哈伊洛维奇·斯佩兰斯基。一切由他掌管。我会跟他说的。他答应今晚来。”“斯佩兰斯基跟军务条例有什么关系?”安德烈公爵问道。科丘别伊笑着摇了摇头,仿佛对博尔孔斯基的天真感到惊讶。“我们几天前谈到过你,”科丘别伊继续说道,“谈到你获得自由的农夫。”“哦,是您吗,公爵,您解放了自己的农奴?”一位叶卡捷琳娜时代的老者转过身来,轻蔑地对博尔孔斯基说道。“那是一个没有什么收益的小庄园,”安德烈公爵回答道,试图减轻他的行为以免无谓地激怒老者。“怕迟到了……”老者看着科丘别伊说道。

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anteroom /ˈæntiruːm/
n. 接待室;前厅
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simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsəti/
n. 简单;朴素
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contemptuously /kənˈtemptʃuəsli/
adv. 轻蔑地;鄙视地
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extenuate /ɪkˈstenjueɪt/
v. 减轻(罪行或过失);低估
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uselessly /ˈjuːsləsli/
adv. 无用地;无效地
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smilingly /ˈsmaɪlɪŋli/
adv. 微笑地;带着笑容地
🔊 "There's one thing I don't understand," he continued. "Who will plow the land if they are set free? It is easy to write laws, but difficult to rule... Just the same as now--I ask you, Count--who will be heads of the departments when everybody has to pass examinations?" "Those who pass the examinations, I suppose," replied Kochubey, crossing his legs and glancing round. "Well, I have Pryanichnikov serving under me, a splendid man, a priceless man, but he's sixty. Is he to go up for examination?" "Yes, that's a difficulty, as education is not at all general, but..." Count Kochubey did not finish. He rose, took Prince Andrew by the arm, and went to meet a tall, bald, fair man of about forty with a large open forehead and a long face of unusual and peculiar whiteness, who was just entering. The newcomer wore a blue swallow-tail coat with a cross suspended from his neck and a star on his left breast. It was Speranski. Prince Andrew recognized him at once, and felt a throb within him, as happens at critical moments of life. Whether it was from respect, envy, or anticipation, he did not know. Speranski's whole figure was of a peculiar type that made him easily recognizable. In the society in which Prince Andrew lived he had never seen anyone who together with awkward and clumsy gestures possessed such calmness and self-assurance; he had never seen so resolute yet gentle an expression as that in those half-closed, rather humid eyes, or so firm a smile that expressed nothing; nor had he heard such a refined, smooth, soft voice; above all he had never seen such delicate whiteness of face or hands--hands which were broad, but very plump, soft, and white. Such whiteness and softness Prince Andrew had only seen on the faces of soldiers who had been long in hospital. This was Speranski, Secretary of State, reporter to the Emperor and his companion at Erfurt, where he had more than once met and talked with Napoleon. Speranski did not shift his eyes from one face to another as people involuntarily do on entering a large company and was in no hurry to speak. He spoke slowly, with assurance that he would be listened to, and he looked only at the person with whom he was conversing. Prince Andrew followed Speranski's every word and movement with particular attention. As happens to some people, especially to men who judge those near to them severely, he always on meeting anyone new--especially anyone whom, like Speranski, he knew by reputation--expected to discover in him the perfection of human qualities.

“有一件事我不明白,”他继续说道。“如果他们被释放了,谁来耕地呢?制定法律容易,但治理起来难……就拿现在来说--我问您,伯爵--如果人人都必须通过考试,谁来当各部门的主管呢?”“我想,是通过考试的人吧,”科丘别伊答道,翘起二郎腿,环顾四周。“可是,我手下有个普里亚尼奇尼科夫,是个出色的人,无价之宝,但他已经六十岁了。难道要他去参加考试吗?”“是的,这确实是个难题,因为教育还根本不普及,但是……”科丘别伊伯爵没有说完。他站起身来,挽起安德烈公爵的手臂,前去迎接一位刚走进来的男子--此人身材高大,秃顶,头发浅黄,大约四十岁,额头宽阔,一张长脸,肤色异常苍白。新来者身穿蓝色燕尾服,脖子上挂着一个十字架,左胸佩戴一颗星章。这就是斯佩兰斯基。安德烈公爵立刻认出了他,心头一阵悸动,就像在人生关键时刻常有的那样。他不知道这是由于尊敬、嫉妒还是期待。斯佩兰斯基的整个体态属于一种特殊类型,让人一眼就能认出。在安德烈公爵所生活的社交圈里,他从未见过有人既拥有笨拙的姿态,又同时拥有如此镇定和自信;他从未见过那样半闭着、略带湿润的眼睛中流露出的如此坚定而温和的表情,那样毫无含义却坚定的微笑;也从未听过那样文雅、流畅、柔和的声音;最重要的是,他从未见过如此白净细腻的脸庞或双手--那双手大而饱满,柔软白皙。安德烈公爵只在久住院中的士兵脸上见过这样的白皙和柔嫩。这就是斯佩兰斯基,国务秘书,皇帝的报告官,也是他在埃尔福特的随从,在那里他多次与拿破仑见面并交谈。斯佩兰斯基不像人们走进一大群人时不由自主地目光游移,他并不急于开口。他说话缓慢,确信有人倾听,并且只看着与他交谈的人。安德烈公爵格外注意地追随斯佩兰斯基的每一个字和每个动作。正如某些人,尤其是那些严厉评判身边人的男子,在遇到陌生人时--尤其是像斯佩兰斯基这样久闻大名的人--他总期望发现对方身上具备人类品质的完美。

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throb /θrɒb/
n. 跳动;悸动
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anticipation /ænˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn/
n. 预期;期待
🔊
peculiar /pɪˈkjuːliər/
adj. 独特的;奇怪的
🔊
recognizable /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/
adj. 可识别的;易于辨认的
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calmness /ˈkɑːmənəs/
n. 冷静;平静
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self-assurance /self əˈʃʊərəns/
n. 自信;自满
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resolute /ˈrezəluːt/
adj. 坚定的;坚决的
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humid /ˈhjuːmɪd/
adj. 潮湿的;湿润的
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refined /rɪˈfaɪnd/
adj. 优雅的;精炼的
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delicate /ˈdelɪkət/
adj. 精致的;微妙的;脆弱的
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plump /plʌmp/
adj. 丰满的;圆润的
🔊
involuntarily /ɪnˌvɒlənˈterəli/
adv. 不自觉地;无意识地
🔊
conversing /kənˈvɜːrsɪŋ/
v. 交谈;谈话
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severely /sɪˈvɪrli/
adv. 严重地;严厉地
🔊
perfection /pərˈfekʃn/
n. 完美;完善
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half-closed /hɑːf kloʊzd/
adj. 半闭的
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Secretary of State /ˈsekrəteri əv steɪt/
n. 国务卿;国务大臣

斯佩兰斯基告诉科丘别伊,他很抱歉不能早来,因为他在宫里耽搁了。他没有说是因为皇帝留住了他,而安德烈公爵注意到了这种刻意的谦逊。当科丘别伊介绍安德烈公爵时,斯佩兰斯基带着惯常的微笑,慢慢将目光转向博尔孔斯基,默默地看了他一会儿。“很高兴认识您。我早就听说过您,如同每个人都听说过一样,”他停顿了一下后说道。科丘别伊说了几句关于阿拉克切耶夫如何接待博尔孔斯基的话。斯佩兰斯基笑得更明显了。“集团军条例委员会的主席是我的好朋友马格尼茨基先生,”他一字一顿地说,“如果您愿意,我可以安排您与他见面。”他在句号处停了下来。“我希望您会发现他是个热心且乐于支持一切合理举措的人。”很快,一群人围住了斯佩兰斯基,之前谈论其下属普里亚尼奇尼科夫的那位老者向他提出了一个问题。

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detained /dɪˈteɪnd/
v. 拘留;耽搁
🔊
modesty /ˈmɒdəsti/
n. 谦虚;谦逊
🔊
customary /ˈkʌstəmeri/
adj. 习惯的;通常的
🔊
markedly /ˈmɑːrkɪdli/
adv. 显著地;明显地
🔊
articulating /ɑːrˈtɪkjuleɪtɪŋ/
v. 清晰地发音;明确表达
🔊
syllable /ˈsɪləbl/
n. 音节
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sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/
adj. 同情的;赞同的;和谐的
🔊
co-operate /koʊˈɒpəreɪt/
v. 合作;配合
🔊
promoting /prəˈməʊtɪŋ/
v. 促进;推广;提升
🔊
subordinate /səˈbɔːrdɪnət/
n. 下属;下级
🔊
addressed /əˈdrest/
v. 向…讲话;处理;致辞

安德烈公爵没有加入谈话,而是观察着斯佩兰斯基的每一个动作:这个不久前还是个微不足道的神学院学生的人,现在--博尔孔斯基想--正用那双白皙厚实的手掌握着俄国的命运。安德烈公爵被斯佩兰斯基回答老者时那种异常傲慢的平静所震撼。他仿佛从不可测的高度向对方说着屈尊俯就的话。当老者说话声太高时,斯佩兰斯基笑了笑,说他无法评判取悦君主之事的利弊。

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insignificant /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/
adj. 微不足道的;不重要的
🔊
divinity /dɪˈvɪnəti/
n. 神性;神学
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extraordinarily /ɪkˌstrɔːrdɪˈnerəli/
adv. 极其;非常地
🔊
disdainful /dɪsˈdeɪnfl/
adj. 轻蔑的;傲慢的
🔊
composure /kəmˈpəʊʒər/
n. 镇静;沉着
🔊
condescending /ˌkɒndɪˈsendɪŋ/
adj. 居高临下的;屈尊俯就的
🔊
immeasurable /ɪˈmeʒərəbl/
adj. 不可估量的;无限的
🔊
sovereign /ˈsɒvrɪn/
n. 君主;元首;主权国家
🔊 Having talked for a little while in the general circle, Speranski rose and coming up to Prince Andrew took him along to the other end of the room. It was clear that he thought it necessary to interest himself in Bolkonski. "I had no chance to talk with you, Prince, during the animated conversation in which that venerable gentleman involved me," he said with a mildly contemptuous smile, as if intimating by that smile that he and Prince Andrew understood the insignificance of the people with whom he had just been talking. This flattered Prince Andrew. "I have known of you for a long time: first from your action with regard to your serfs, a first example, of which it is very desirable that there should be more imitators; and secondly because you are one of those gentlemen of the chamber who have not considered themselves offended by the new decree concerning the ranks allotted to courtiers, which is causing so much gossip and tittle-tattle." "No," said Prince Andrew, "my father did not wish me to take advantage of the privilege. I began the service from the lower grade." "Your father, a man of the last century, evidently stands above our contemporaries who so condemn this measure which merely re-establishes natural justice." "I think, however, that these condemnations have some ground," returned Prince Andrew, trying to resist Speranski's influence, of which he began to be conscious. He did not like to agree with him in everything and felt a wish to contradict. Though he usually spoke easily and well, he felt a difficulty in expressing himself now while talking with Speranski. He was too much absorbed in observing the famous man's personality. "Grounds of personal ambition maybe," Speranski put in quietly. "And of state interest to some extent," said Prince Andrew. "What do you mean?" asked Speranski quietly, lowering his eyes. "I am an admirer of Montesquieu," replied Prince Andrew, "and his idea that le principe des monarchies est l'honneur me paraît incontestable. Certains droits et privilèges de la noblesse me paraissent être des moyens de soutenir ce sentiment."

在公众圈里谈了一会儿后,斯佩兰斯基站起身来,走到安德烈公爵身边,把他带到房间的另一端。显然,他认为有必要对博尔孔斯基表示关心。“公爵,在那位可敬的先生让我卷入的激烈谈话中,我没能跟您交谈,”他带着一丝温和的轻蔑微笑说道,仿佛通过那微笑暗示他和安德烈公爵都明白刚才与之交谈的那些人是多么微不足道。这令安德烈公爵感到受宠若惊。“我早就听说过您:首先是因为您对待农奴的行动,那是一个首次范例,希望有更多效仿者;其次,您是一位宫廷侍从,但并没有因那条引起诸多闲言碎语的新宫廷官阶法令而觉得受到了冒犯。”“不,”安德烈公爵说,“家父不希望我利用这一特权。我一开始是从低级官员做起的。”“您的父亲是上一代的人,显然高于我们那些同时代人,他们如此谴责这项仅仅恢复了自然公正的措施。”“但我认为这些谴责也有其根据,”安德烈公爵回击道,试图抵抗他渐渐意识到的斯佩兰斯基的影响。他不愿事事都赞同他,并感到一种反驳的冲动。尽管他通常说话轻松流利,但现在与斯佩兰斯基交谈时却感到难以表达。他太专注于观察这位著名人物的个性了。“也许出于个人野心的理由,”斯佩兰斯基平静地插了一句。“在某种程度上也出于国家利益,”安德烈公爵说。“您指的是什么?”斯佩兰斯基垂下眼睛,平静地问道。“我是孟德斯鸠的崇拜者,”安德烈公爵回答道,“我认为他的‘君主制的原则是荣誉’这一观点是无可争议的。贵族的某些权利和特权在我看来似乎是维持这种情感的手段。”

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animated /ˈænɪmeɪtɪd/
adj. 活泼的;生动的;动画的
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venerable /ˈvenərəbl/
adj. 令人尊敬的;古老而庄严的
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mildly /ˈmaɪldli/
adv. 温和地;轻微地
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insignificance /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
n. 微不足道;无意义
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flattered /ˈflætərd/
v. 使感到荣幸;奉承
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desirable /dɪˈzaɪərəbl/
adj. 令人向往的;可取的
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imitators /ˈɪmɪteɪtərz/
n. 模仿者;仿效者
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chamber /ˈtʃeɪmbər/
n. 房间;室;议院
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offended /əˈfendɪd/
v. 冒犯;使不悦
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decree /dɪˈkriː/
n. 法令;政令
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allotted /əˈlɒtɪd/
v. 分配;分派
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courtiers /ˈkɔːrtiərz/
n. 朝臣;侍臣
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tittle-tattle /ˈtɪtl tætl/
n. 闲聊;流言蜚语
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contemporaries /kənˈtempəreriz/
n. 同代人;同龄人
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condemn /kənˈdem/
v. 谴责;判刑
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re-establishes /ˌriː ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz/
v. 重新建立;恢复
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condemnations /ˌkɒndemˈneɪʃnz/
n. 谴责;判刑
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resist /rɪˈzɪst/
v. 抵抗;抵制
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conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/
adj. 有意识的;察觉的
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contradict /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/
v. 反驳;与…矛盾
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absorbed /əbˈzɔːrbd/
adj. 全神贯注的;被吸收的
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incontestable /ˌɪnkənˈtestəbl/
adj. 无可争辩的;不容置疑的

微笑从斯佩兰斯基白皙的脸上消失了,这变化反而使他显得更好看。安德烈公爵的想法大概引起了他的兴趣。“如果您从这个角度来看待这个问题,”他开口说道,显然很费力地用法语发音,比说俄语时更慢,但却十分平静。

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vanished /ˈvænɪʃt/
v. 消失;消散
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evident /ˈevɪdənt/
adj. 明显的;明白的

斯佩兰斯基接着说,荣誉(l'honneur)不能由损害公务的特权来维持;荣誉要么是一个消极的概念--不做应受谴责之事,要么是追求赞许与奖励的竞争源泉,而奖励正是对荣誉的认可。他的论点简洁、明了、清晰。

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upheld /ʌpˈheld/
v. 支持;维护;维持
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concept /ˈkɒnsept/
n. 概念;观念
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blameworthy /ˈbleɪmwɜːrði/
adj. 应受责备的;有过错的
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emulation /ˌemjuˈleɪʃn/
n. 效仿;竞争
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pursuit /pərˈsjuːt/
n. 追求;追赶
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commendation /ˌkɒmenˈdeɪʃn/
n. 赞扬;嘉奖
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concise /kənˈsaɪs/
adj. 简明的;简洁的

“一个维持荣誉--这一竞争源泉的机构,类似于伟大皇帝拿破仑的荣誉军团勋章,它对公务的成功不仅无害,反而有益,但它不是阶级或宫廷特权。”

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institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/
n. 机构;制度;习俗

“我并不否认这一点,但不能否认宫廷特权也达到了同样的目的,”安德烈公爵回击道。“每个朝臣都认为有责任体面地保持自己的地位。”

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dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/
v. 争论;质疑
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attained /əˈteɪnd/
v. 达到;获得
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bound /baʊnd/
adj. 有义务的;必然的;被束缚的
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worthily /ˈwɜːrðɪli/
adv. 值得地;应得地

“但您并不想利用这一特权,公爵,”斯佩兰斯基说道,微微一笑,示意他希望友善地结束这场让他同伴难堪的争论。“如果您愿意赏光,星期三上我家来,”他补充道,“我与马格尼茨基谈过之后,会告诉您可能感兴趣的事情,并且更详细地跟您聊一聊,这是我的荣幸。”他闭上眼睛,按法国方式鞠了一躬,没有告别,尽量不引人注意地离开了房间。

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avail /əˈveɪl/
v. 利用;有益于
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amiably /ˈeɪmiəbli/
adv. 和蔼可亲地;友善地
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embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/
adj. 令人尴尬的
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detailed /ˈdiːteɪld/
adj. 详细的;细致的
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bowed /baʊd/
v. 鞠躬;弯腰
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。