🔊 On arriving in Moscow by a morning train, Levin had put up at the house of his elder half-brother, Koznyshev. After changing his clothes he went down to his brother’s study, intending to talk to him at once about the object of his visit, and to ask his advice; but his brother was not alone. With him there was a well-known professor of philosophy, who had come from Harkov expressly to clear up a difference that had arisen between them on a very important philosophical question. The professor was carrying on a hot crusade against materialists. Sergey Koznyshev had been following this crusade with interest, and after reading the professor’s last article, he had written him a letter stating his objections. He accused the professor of making too great concessions to the materialists. And the professor had promptly appeared to argue the matter out. The point in discussion was the question then in vogue: Is there a line to be drawn between psychological and physiological phenomena in man? and if so, where?

乘早班火车抵达莫斯科后,列文下榻于同父异母的兄长科兹内舍夫家中。更衣完毕,他便下楼走进兄长的书房,打算即刻说明此行目的并寻求建议；然而兄长并非独自一人。书房里还有一位来自哈尔科夫的著名哲学教授,他专程赶来,是为了澄清二人在一个重大哲学问题上产生的分歧。这位教授正对唯物主义者展开猛烈的论战。谢尔盖·科兹内舍夫一直饶有兴味地关注着这场论战,读了教授最近的文章后,他写信陈述了自己的异议,指责教授对唯物主义作了过多让步。教授于是立即赶来辩论。争论的焦点是当时流行的命题:人的心理现象与生理现象之间是否存在分界线？如果存在,这条线又在哪里？

🔊

expressly /ɪkˈspresli/

adv. 明确地；特意地➕

🔊

crusade /kruːˈseɪd/

n. （长期而坚定的）斗争；运动➕

🔊

concessions /kənˈseʃənz/

n. 让步；承认➕

🔊

vogue /vəʊɡ/

n. 流行；时尚➕

🔊

psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

adj. 心理的；心理学的➕

🔊

physiological /ˌfɪziəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

adj. 生理的；生理学的➕

🔊

phenomena /fɪˈnɒmɪnə/

n. 现象（复数）➕

🔊

materialists /məˈtɪəriəlɪsts/

n. 唯物主义者（复数）➕

🔊

objections /əbˈdʒekʃənz/

n. 反对；异议（复数）➕

🔊 Sergey Ivanovitch met his brother with the smile of chilly friendliness he always had for everyone, and introducing him to the professor, went on with the conversation.

谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇以他一贯对任何人都保持的那种冷淡而友好的微笑迎接弟弟,将他介绍给教授后,便继续谈了下去。

🔊

chilly /ˈtʃɪli/

adj. 寒冷的；冷淡的➕

🔊 A little man in spectacles, with a narrow forehead, tore himself from the discussion for an instant to greet Levin, and then went on talking without paying any further attention to him. Levin sat down to wait till the professor should go, but he soon began to get interested in the subject under discussion.

一个戴眼镜、前额狭窄的矮个子男人暂时从辩论中抽身,向列文打了个招呼,随后便不再理会他,继续高谈阔论。列文只好坐下,等那位教授离开；但他很快就被讨论的话题吸引住了。

🔊

spectacles /ˈspektəklz/

n. 眼镜➕

🔊 Levin had come across the magazine articles about which they were disputing, and had read them, interested in them as a development of the first principles of science, familiar to him as a natural science student at the university. But he had never connected these scientific deductions as to the origin of man as an animal, as to reflex action, biology, and sociology, with those questions as to the meaning of life and death to himself, which had of late been more and more often in his mind.

列文读过他们争论的那些杂志文章,并出于兴趣--作为大学自然科学系的学生,他对这些科学基本原理的阐述并不陌生。但他从未将这些关于人类作为动物的起源、反射作用、生物学和社会学的科学推论,与他近来越来越常思考的那些关于自身生死意义的问题联系起来。

🔊

deductions /dɪˈdʌkʃənz/

n. 推论；扣除（复数）➕

🔊

reflex /ˈriːfleks/

n. 反射；本能反应➕

🔊

sociology /ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒi/

n. 社会学➕

🔊 As he listened to his brother’s argument with the professor, he noticed that they connected these scientific questions with those spiritual problems, that at times they almost touched on the latter; but every time they were close upon what seemed to him the chief point, they promptly beat a hasty retreat, and plunged again into a sea of subtle distinctions, reservations, quotations, allusions, and appeals to authorities, and it was with difficulty that he understood what they were talking about.

听着兄长与教授的辩论,他注意到他们把科学问题与那些精神问题联系了起来,有时甚至几乎触及了后者；但每当他们接近在他看来是核心的要点时,就立刻仓促退却,重新陷入一片由细微区别、保留条件、引文、典故和对权威的援引所构成的海洋,他费了好大劲才弄明白他们在谈什么。

🔊

spiritual /ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl/

adj. 精神的；心灵的➕

🔊

hasty /ˈheɪsti/

adj. 匆忙的；仓促的➕

🔊

retreat /rɪˈtriːt/

n. 撤退；退却➕

🔊

plunged /plʌndʒd/

v. 投入；陷入（过去式）➕

🔊

subtle /ˈsʌtl/

adj. 微妙的；细微的➕

🔊

distinctions /dɪˈstɪŋkʃənz/

n. 区别；差别（复数）➕

🔊

reservations /ˌrezəˈveɪʃənz/

n. 保留意见；预订（复数）➕

🔊

quotations /kwəʊˈteɪʃənz/

n. 引用；报价（复数）➕

🔊

allusions /əˈluːʒənz/

n. 暗示；影射（复数）➕

🔊

authorities /ɔːˈθɒrətiz/

n. 权威；当局（复数）➕

🔊 “I cannot admit it,” said Sergey Ivanovitch, with his habitual clearness, precision of expression, and elegance of phrase. “I cannot in any case agree with Keiss that my whole conception of the external world has been derived from perceptions. The most fundamental idea, the idea of existence, has not been received by me through sensation; indeed, there is no special sense-organ for the transmission of such an idea.”

“我不能承认这一点,”谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇以一种一贯的清晰、精确和优雅的措辞说道,“我无论如何不能同意凯斯的看法,即我对整个外部世界的概念都源自感知。最根本的概念--存在的概念--并不是通过感觉接收到的；事实上,也没有专门的感觉器官来传递这样一种概念。”

🔊

habitual /həˈbɪtʃuəl/

adj. 习惯的；惯常的➕

🔊

precision /prɪˈsɪʒn/

n. 精确；精准➕

🔊

elegance /ˈelɪɡəns/

n. 优雅；精美➕

🔊

conception /kənˈsepʃn/

n. 概念；观念➕

🔊

external /ɪkˈstɜːnl/

adj. 外部的；外界的➕

🔊

derived /dɪˈraɪvd/

v. 源自；获得（过去分词）➕

🔊

perceptions /pəˈsepʃənz/

n. 感知；看法（复数）➕

🔊

fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/

adj. 基本的；根本的➕

🔊

existence /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/

n. 存在；生存➕

🔊

sensation /senˈseɪʃn/

n. 感觉；轰动➕

🔊

transmission /trænzˈmɪʃn/

n. 传输；传播➕

🔊

sense-organ /ˈsens ɔːrɡən/

n. 感觉器官➕

🔊 “Yes, but they-Wurt, and Knaust, and Pripasov-would answer that your consciousness of existence is derived from the conjunction of all your sensations, that that consciousness of existence is the result of your sensations. Wurt, indeed, says plainly that, assuming there are no sensations, it follows that there is no idea of existence.”

“没错,但是--武尔特、克瑙斯特和普里帕索夫--他们会回答说,你对存在的意识源自你所有感觉的联合,那种存在的意识正是你感觉的结果。武尔特的确明确说过,假定没有感觉,那么也就不存在关于存在的概念。”

🔊

consciousness /ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/

n. 意识；知觉➕

🔊

conjunction /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn/

n. 结合；连接➕

🔊

plainly /ˈpleɪnli/

adv. 清楚地；显然地➕

🔊

assuming /əˈsjuːmɪŋ/

v. 假设（现在分词）➕

🔊 “I maintain the contrary,” began Sergey Ivanovitch.

“我坚持相反的看法,”谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇开口了。

🔊 But here it seemed to Levin that just as they were close upon the real point of the matter, they were again retreating, and he made up his mind to put a question to the professor.

但这时列文觉得,他们明明已经接近问题的真正核心,却又在后退,于是他决定向教授提一个问题。

🔊

retreating /rɪˈtriːtɪŋ/

v. 撤退；退却（现在分词）➕

🔊 “According to that, if my senses are annihilated, if my body is dead, I can have no existence of any sort?” he queried.

“照这么说,如果我的感官被消灭,如果我的身体死亡,我就不可能有任何形式的存在了？”他问道。

🔊

annihilated /əˈnaɪəleɪtɪd/

v. 消灭；毁灭（过去分词）➕

🔊

queried /ˈkwɪərid/

v. 询问；质疑（过去式）➕

🔊 The professor, in annoyance, and, as it were, mental suffering at the interruption, looked round at the strange inquirer, more like a bargeman than a philosopher, and turned his eyes upon Sergey Ivanovitch, as though to ask: What’s one to say to him? But Sergey Ivanovitch, who had been talking with far less heat and one-sidedness than the professor, and who had sufficient breadth of mind to answer the professor, and at the same time to comprehend the simple and natural point of view from which the question was put, smiled and said: “That question we have no right to answer as yet.”

教授被这打断弄得又恼火又难受似的,扭头打量这位古怪的提问者--他看起来更像一个船夫,而不是哲学家--然后目光转向谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇,仿佛在问:该拿他怎么办呢？但谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇谈吐比教授冷静得多,也少了几分偏激,他胸襟开阔,既能回答教授,又能理解这问题背后朴实自然的视角,于是微笑着说:“对于这个问题,我们目前还无权回答。”

🔊

annoyance /əˈnɔɪəns/

n. 恼怒；烦恼➕

🔊

interruption /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn/

n. 中断；打扰➕

🔊

inquirer /ɪnˈkwaɪərə/

n. 询问者；调查者➕

🔊

bargeman /ˈbɑːdʒmən/

n. 驳船船夫➕

🔊

philosopher /fɪˈlɒsəfə/

n. 哲学家➕

🔊

one-sidedness /ˌwʌn ˈsaɪdɪdnɪs/

n. 片面性➕

🔊

sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/

adj. 足够的；充分的➕

🔊

breadth /bredθ/

n. 宽度；广度➕

🔊

comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/

v. 理解；领会➕

🔊 “We have not the requisite data,” chimed in the professor, and he went back to his argument. “No,” he said; “I would point out the fact that if, as Pripasov directly asserts, perception is based on sensation, then we are bound to distinguish sharply between these two conceptions.”

“我们没有必要的数据,”教授附和道,然后又回到自己的论点上。“不,”他说,“我要指出这样一点:如果真如普里帕索夫直接断言的那样,知觉是基于感觉的,那么我们就必须严格区分这两个概念。”

🔊

requisite /ˈrekwɪzɪt/

adj. 必要的；必需的➕

🔊

data /ˈdeɪtə/

n. 数据（复数）➕

🔊

chimed /tʃaɪmd/

v. 插话（过去式）➕

🔊

asserts /əˈsɜːts/

v. 断言；坚持（第三人称单数）➕

🔊

perception /pəˈsepʃn/

n. 感知；看法（单数）➕

🔊

distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

v. 区分；辨别➕

🔊

sharply /ˈʃɑːpli/

adv. 尖锐地；急剧地➕

🔊

conceptions /kənˈsepʃənz/

n. 概念；观念（复数）➕

🔊 Levin listened no more, and simply waited for the professor to go.

列文不再听了,只是等着教授离开。

Part 1 – Chapter seven (第七章)

🔒 使用该功能需要授权码