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Book IV. The Friends of the A.B.C. – Chapter one: A Group Which Barely Missed Becoming Historic (第一章 一个险些成为历史的团体)

探索《悲惨世界》第1章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细IELTS词汇及解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升你的阅读能力。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

在那个表面上看似平静的时代,隐约流淌着一股革命的震颤。从八九和一七九三年的深处涌出的气息弥漫在空中。请读者允许我们这么说,青年正处于蜕变的边缘。人们随着时代的运动,几乎不自觉地经历着蜕变。罗盘上转动的指针,也在灵魂中移动。每个人都在迈出自己必然要迈出的那一步。保王党人正在变成自由派,自由派正在变成民主派。这是一次洪流,伴随著千次退潮的复杂运动;退潮的特点就是造成混杂;因此产生了非常奇特的思想组合:人们既崇拜拿破仑,又崇拜自由。我们在此述说历史。那是那个时代的幻象。各种见解经历着不同阶段。伏尔泰式的保王主义--一种古怪的变种--也有一个同样奇特的后续:波拿巴派自由主义。

🔊
epoch /ˈiːpɒk/
n. 时期;时代
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revolutionary /ˌrevəˈluːʃənəri/
adj. 革命的;革命性的
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vaguely /ˈveɪɡli/
adv. 模糊地;隐约地
🔊
moulting /ˈməʊltɪŋ/
v. 蜕皮;换羽
🔊
transformation /ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃən/
n. 转变;变革
🔊
conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/
adj. 有意识的;自觉的
🔊
peculiarity /pɪˌkjuːliˈærəti/
n. 特性;独特性
🔊
intermixtures /ˌɪntəˈmɪkstʃəz/
n. 混合;混合物
🔊
singular /ˈsɪŋɡjələ/
adj. 奇特的;非凡的
🔊
adored /əˈdɔːrd/
v. 崇拜;喜爱
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mirages /ˈmɪrɑːʒz/
n. 海市蜃楼;幻想
🔊
traverse /trəˈvɜːrs/
v. 横越;穿过
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Voltairian /vɒlˈtɛriən/
adj. 伏尔泰的;伏尔泰式的
🔊
royalism /ˈrɔɪəlɪzəm/
n. 保皇主义
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quaint /kweɪnt/
adj. 古怪的;古雅的
🔊
sequel /ˈsiːkwəl/
n. 后续;结局
🔊
Bonapartist /ˈbəʊnəpɑːtɪst/
adj. 波拿巴主义的;拿破仑派的
🔊
liberalism /ˈlɪbərəlɪzəm/
n. 自由主义

其他思想群体则更加严肃。在那个方向上,他们探索原则,紧紧抓住权利。他们为绝对事物而狂热,瞥见了无限实现的可能;绝对,因其自身的刚性,将精神推向天空,使其飘浮在无垠的空间。没有什么比教条更能催生梦想。也没有什么比梦想更能孕育未来。乌托邦今天,明天就会成为血肉现实。

🔊
enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/
adj. 热情的;热心的
🔊
absolute /ˈæbsəluːt/
n. 绝对;绝对的事物
🔊
infinite /ˈɪnfɪnət/
adj. 无限的;无穷的
🔊
realizations /ˌriːəlaɪˈzeɪʃənz/
n. 实现;领悟(复数形式)
🔊
rigidity /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/
n. 坚硬;刚硬;严格
🔊
illimitable /ɪˈlɪmɪtəbl/
adj. 无限的;无边际的
🔊
dogma /ˈdɒɡmə/
n. 教条;教义
🔊
engendering /ɪnˈdʒendərɪŋ/
v. 产生;造成
🔊
Utopia /juːˈtəʊpiə/
n. 乌托邦;理想国
🔊 These advanced opinions had a double foundation. A beginning of mystery menaced "the established order of things," which was suspicious and underhand. A sign which was revolutionary to the highest degree. The second thoughts of power meet the second thoughts of the populace in the mine. The incubation of insurrections gives the retort to the premeditation of coups d'etat.

这些先进的观点有着双重基础。一个神秘的开始威胁着“既定的秩序”,这种秩序既可疑又隐秘。一个最高程度的革命性征兆。当权者的内心想法与民众的内心想法在暗处相遇。叛乱的酝酿是对政变预谋的反击。

🔊
menaced /ˈmenəst/
v. 威胁;恐吓
🔊
suspicious /səˈspɪʃəs/
adj. 可疑的;多疑的
🔊
underhand /ˈʌndəhænd/
adj. 秘密的;卑鄙的
🔊
populace /ˈpɒpjʊləs/
n. 民众;平民
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incubation /ˌɪŋkjuːˈbeɪʃən/
n. 孵化;酝酿
🔊
insurrections /ˌɪnsəˈrekʃənz/
n. 起义;叛乱(复数形式)
🔊
retort /rɪˈtɔːrt/
n. 回击;反驳
🔊
premeditation /prɪˌmedɪˈteɪʃən/
n. 预谋;预先策划
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coups d'etat /ˌkuː deɪˈtɑː/
n. 政变(复数形式)

当时,法国还没有任何像德国的“青年同盟”或意大利的“烧炭党”那样庞大的地下组织;但各处都有正在萌芽的暗流。在艾克斯,库古尔德正在成形;在巴黎,在其他类似性质的组织中,存在着“ABC的朋友们”这个团体。

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underlying /ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/
adj. 潜在的,根本的
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organizations /ˌɔːrɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənz/
n. 组织,机构
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affiliations /əˌfɪliˈeɪʃənz/
n. 隶属关系,联系

“ABC的朋友们”是什么?一个表面上以教育儿童为目的、实际上旨在提升人的社团。

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apparently /əˈpærəntli/
adv. 显然,表面上
🔊
elevation /ˌelɪˈveɪʃən/
n. 提升,提高;海拔

他们自称“ABC的朋友们”--意为“被贬低者”--即人民。他们希望提升人民。这是一个我们不应嘲笑的双关语。双关语有时是政治中的严肃因素;看看“阉人归营”这句话,它造就了纳尔塞斯军队的将军;再看看“蛮族与巴尔贝里尼”;还有“你是彼得,在这磐石上”等等。

🔊
debased /dɪˈbeɪst/
adj. 堕落的,低下的
🔊
elevate /ˈelɪveɪt/
v. 提升,提高
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pun /pʌn/
n. 双关语
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factors /ˈfæktərz/
n. 因素
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witness /ˈwɪtnɪs/
v. 见证,目击

“ABC的朋友们”人数不多,它是一个尚处于萌芽阶段的秘密社团,我们几乎可以说它是一个小圈子,如果小圈子最终能产生英雄的话。他们在巴黎的两个地点集会:一处位于鱼市附近,一家名为科林斯的酒馆(后面还会提到),另一处靠近先贤祠>>,在圣米歇尔街的一家名为缪尚咖啡馆的小馆子里--现已拆除;第一个集会地点靠近工人阶层,第二个靠近学生。

🔊
numerous /ˈnuːmərəs/
adj. 众多的,许多的
🔊
embryo /ˈembrioʊ/
n. 胚胎,萌芽状态
🔊
coterie /ˈkoʊtəri/
n. 小团体,小圈子
🔊
assembled /əˈsembəld/
v. 集合,聚集
🔊
localities /loʊˈkælɪtiz/
n. 地区,地点

“ABC的朋友们”的集会通常是在缪尚咖啡馆的后厅举行。

这个大厅离咖啡馆相当远,由一条极长的走廊相连;它有两扇窗户,在狭小的格里街上有一个带私人楼梯的出口。他们在这里抽烟、喝酒、赌博、大笑。他们大声谈论一切,低声谈论其他事情。墙上钉着一幅共和国时期的法国旧地图--这个标志足以引起警探的怀疑。

🔊
tolerably /ˈtɑːlərəbli/
adv. 相当地,还可以地
🔊
remote /rɪˈmoʊt/
adj. 遥远的,偏僻的
🔊
extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/
adv. 极其,非常
🔊
corridor /ˈkɔːrɪdɔːr/
n. 走廊,通道
🔊
gambled /ˈɡæmbəld/
v. 赌博,冒险
🔊
conversed /kənˈvɜːrst/
v. 交谈,谈话
🔊
sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/
adj. 足够的,充分的
🔊
suspicion /səˈspɪʃən/
n. 怀疑,嫌疑

“ABC的朋友们”大部分是学生,与工人阶级关系密切。以下是主要成员的名字:安灼拉、公白飞、让·普鲁维尔、弗以伊、古费拉克、巴阿雷、莱格勒(或拉伊格)、若李、格朗泰尔。在某种意义上,他们属于历史。

🔊
cordial /ˈkɔːrdʒəl/
adj. 热情友好的,衷心的
🔊
principal /ˈprɪnsɪpəl/
adj. 主要的,最重要的
🔊
measure /ˈmeʒər/
n. 程度,度量

这些年轻人通过友谊的纽带形成了一个家庭。除了拉伊格,他们都来自南方。

🔊
formed /fɔːrmd/
v. 形成,组成
🔊
bond /bɒnd/
n. 纽带,联系
🔊
exception /ɪkˈsepʃən/
n. 例外

这是一个非凡的团体。它消失在身后的无形深处。在我们现在达到的这个戏剧时刻,在读者看到他们投身于悲剧冒险的阴影之前,或许有必要对这些年轻的头脑投下一缕光芒。

🔊
remarkable /rɪˈmɑːrkəbl/
adj. 非凡的,引人注目的
🔊
vanished /ˈvænɪʃt/
v. 消失
🔊
invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəbl/
adj. 看不见的,无形的
🔊
drama /ˈdrɑːmə/
n. 戏剧,戏剧性事件
🔊
superfluous /suːˈpɜːrfluəs/
adj. 多余的,不必要的

安灼拉--我们首先提到他的名字(读者稍后会明白原因)--是独生子,而且富有。

🔊
mentioned /ˈmenʃənd/
v. 提到,提及
🔊
wealthy /ˈwelθi/
adj. 富有的
🔊 Enjolras was a charming young man, who was capable of being terrible. He was angelically handsome. He was a savage Antinous. One would have said, to see the pensive thoughtfulness of his glance, that he had already, in some previous state of existence, traversed the revolutionary apocalypse. He possessed the tradition of it as though he had been a witness. He was acquainted with all the minute details of the great affair. A pontifical and warlike nature, a singular thing in a youth. He was an officiating priest and a man of war; from the immediate point of view, a soldier of the democracy; above the contemporary movement, the priest of the ideal. His eyes were deep, his lids a little red, his lower lip was thick and easily became disdainful, his brow was lofty. A great deal of brow in a face is like a great deal of horizon in a view. Like certain young men at the beginning of this century and the end of the last, who became illustrious at an early age, he was endowed with excessive youth, and was as rosy as a young girl, although subject to hours of pallor. Already a man, he still seemed a child. His two and twenty years appeared to be but seventeen; he was serious, it did not seem as though he were aware there was on earth a thing called woman. He had but one passion -- the right; but one thought -- to overthrow the obstacle. On Mount Aventine, he would have been Gracchus; in the Convention, he would have been Saint-Just. He hardly saw the roses, he ignored spring, he did not hear the carolling of the birds; the bare throat of Evadne would have moved him no more than it would have moved Aristogeiton; he, like Harmodius, thought flowers good for nothing except to conceal the sword. He was severe in his enjoyments. He chastely dropped his eyes before everything which was not the Republic. He was the marble lover of liberty. His speech was harshly inspired, and had the thrill of a hymn. He was subject to unexpected outbursts of soul. Woe to the love-affair which should have risked itself beside him! If any grisette of the Place Cambrai or the Rue Saint-Jean-de-Beauvais, seeing that face of a youth escaped from college, that page's mien, those long, golden lashes, those blue eyes, that hair billowing in the wind, those rosy cheeks, those fresh lips, those exquisite teeth, had conceived an appetite for that complete aurora, and had tried her beauty on Enjolras, an astounding and terrible glance would have promptly shown her the abyss, and would have taught her not to confound the mighty cherub of Ezekiel with the gallant Cherubino of Beaumarchais.

安灼拉是一个迷人的年轻人,却能够变得可怕。他长得天使般俊美,俊美如安提诺乌斯却带着野性。看到他沉思的眼神,你会觉得他仿佛在前世已经历过革命的启示。他仿佛亲历了革命的传统。他了解那件大事的全部细节。他兼具祭司和战士的天性--这在年轻人中十分罕见。他是一个民主的战士,同时又是一个理想的祭司。他的眼睛深邃,眼皮微红,下唇厚实且易现轻蔑,额头高高隆起。脸上的高额头,就像视野中的广阔地平线。如同本世纪初和上世纪末某些早年成名的年轻人,他拥有过分的青春,面色如少女般红润,尽管有时会变得苍白。他已是个男子汉,却仍像个孩子。他二十二岁,看上去只有十七岁;他神情严肃,仿佛不知道世上还有女人这种东西。他只有一种激情--正义;只有一个想法--推翻障碍。在阿文廷山上,他会是格拉古;在国民公会里,他会是圣茹斯特。他几乎看不见玫瑰,无视春天,听不见鸟儿的歌唱;埃瓦德涅裸露的喉咙对他而言,并不比阿里斯托革顿更让他动心;他像哈摩狄乌斯一样,认为花朵除了隐藏刀剑之外一无是处。他在享乐方面很严厉。面对一切不属于共和国的事物,他纯洁地低下头。他是自由的大理石情人。他的言谈带着严厉的灵感,有着赞歌般的震颤。他时常有突如其来的灵魂爆发。任何敢于靠近他的风流韵事都将遭殃!如果某个年轻女工来自康布雷广场或圣让-德-博韦街,看到这张逃学少年的面孔、仆从般的神态、长长的金色睫毛、蓝眼睛、风中飘动的头发、玫瑰色的脸颊、鲜红的嘴唇、精致的牙齿,因而对此完整的曙光动了心,想用自己的美貌去试探安灼拉,那么一个惊愕而可怕的眼神会立刻让她看到深渊,教会她不要混淆以西结的威武天使和博马舍的风流凯鲁比诺。

🔊
charming /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/
adj. 迷人的,有魅力的
🔊
savage /ˈsævɪdʒ/
adj. 野蛮的,凶猛的
🔊
pensive /ˈpensɪv/
adj. 沉思的,忧郁的
🔊
traversed /trəˈvɜːrst/
v. 穿越,横过
🔊
apocalypse /əˈpɒkəlɪps/
n. 启示,天启
🔊
possessed /pəˈzest/
v. 拥有,具有
🔊
acquainted /əˈkweɪntɪd/
adj. 熟悉的,了解的
🔊
democracy /dɪˈmɒkrəsi/
n. 民主,民主制度
🔊
contemporary /kənˈtempəreri/
adj. 当代的,同时代的
🔊
ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/
n. 理想,典范
🔊
disdainful /dɪsˈdeɪnfl/
adj. 轻蔑的,鄙视的
🔊
lofty /ˈlɒfti/
adj. 高的,崇高的
🔊
horizon /həˈraɪzn/
n. 地平线,视野
🔊
illustrious /ɪˈlʌstriəs/
adj. 杰出的,著名的
🔊
endowed /ɪnˈdaʊd/
v. 赋予,天生具有
🔊
excessive /ɪkˈsesɪv/
adj. 过度的,过多的
🔊
pallor /ˈpælər/
n. 苍白,灰白
🔊 By the side of Enjolras, who represented the logic of the Revolution, Combeferre represented its philosophy. Between the logic of the Revolution and its philosophy there exists this difference -- that its logic may end in war, whereas its philosophy can end only in peace. Combeferre complemented and rectified Enjolras. He was less lofty, but broader. He desired to pour into all minds the extensive principles of general ideas: he said: "Revolution, but civilization;" and around the mountain peak he opened out a vast view of the blue sky. The Revolution was more adapted for breathing with Combeferre than with Enjolras. Enjolras expressed its divine right, and Combeferre its natural right. The first attached himself to Robespierre; the second confined himself to Condorcet. Combeferre lived the life of all the rest of the world more than did Enjolras. If it had been granted to these two young men to attain to history, the one would have been the just, the other the wise man. Enjolras was the more virile, Combeferre the more humane. Homo and vir, that was the exact effect of their different shades. Combeferre was as gentle as Enjolras was severe, through natural whiteness. He loved the word "citizen," but he preferred the word "man." He would gladly have said: Hombre, like the Spanish. He read everything, went to the theatres, attended the courses of public lecturers, learned the polarization of light from Arago, grew enthusiastic over a lesson in which Geoffroy Sainte-Hilaire explained the double function of the external carotid artery, and the internal, the one which makes the face, and the one which makes the brain; he kept up with what was going on, followed science step by step, compared Saint-Simon with Fourier, deciphered hieroglyphics, broke the pebble which he found and reasoned on geology, drew from memory a silkworm moth, pointed out the faulty French in the Dictionary of the Academy, studied Puységur and Deleuze, affirmed nothing, not even miracles; denied nothing, not even ghosts; turned over the files of the Moniteur, reflected. He declared that the future lies in the hand of the schoolmaster, and busied himself with educational questions. He desired that society should labor without relaxation at the elevation of the moral and intellectual level, at coining science, at putting ideas into circulation, at increasing the mind in youthful persons, and he feared lest the present poverty of method, the paltriness from a literary point of view confined to two or three centuries called classic, the tyrannical dogmatism of official pedants, scholastic prejudices and routines should end by converting our colleges into artificial oyster beds.

在安灼拉(代表大革命的逻辑)身旁,公白飞代表其哲学。大革命的逻辑和哲学之间存在这样的区别:逻辑可能以战争结束,而哲学只能以和平告终。公白飞补充并修正了安灼拉。他没有那么崇高,但更宽广。他希望将普遍观念的广泛原则灌输到所有头脑中;他说:“大革命,但也要文明”;他在山峰周围展开了广阔的蓝天视野。大革命更适合与公白飞一起呼吸,而不是与安灼拉。安灼拉表达其神权,公白飞表达其自然权利。前者依附于罗伯斯庇尔;后者局限于孔多塞。公白飞比安灼拉更多地过着世俗生活。如果这两个年轻人有幸进入历史,一个将是正义者,另一个将是智者。安灼拉更具男子气概,公白飞更富有人性。Homo和vir,这正是他们不同色调的精确效果。公白飞如同安灼拉严厉一样温和,这是因为他天生的洁白。他喜欢“公民”这个词,但更偏爱“人”这个字。他会像西班牙人那样说:Hombre。他博览群书,去剧院,听公开讲座,从阿拉戈那里学习光的偏振,对若弗鲁瓦·圣伊莱尔关于颈外动脉和颈内动脉双重功能的课程充满热情--前者塑造面容,后者塑造大脑;他关注时事,一步步跟踪科学,比较圣西门和傅立叶,解读象形文字,击碎发现的卵石并推理地质学,凭记忆画出蚕蛾,指出法兰西学院词典中的法语错误,研究皮塞居尔和德勒兹,不肯定任何事,连奇迹也不肯定;不否定任何事,连鬼魂也不否定;翻阅《箴言报》档案,进行思考。他宣称未来掌握在学校教师手中,并致力于教育问题。他希望社会不懈地提升道德和智力水平,铸造科学,传播思想,增加年轻人的智慧;他担心当前方法的贫乏、局限于两三个世纪所谓经典的文学视野的狭隘、官方学究的专制教条主义、学究的偏见和惯例,最终会将我们的大学变成人工牡蛎养殖场。

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philosophy /fɪˈlɒsəfi/
n. 哲学;人生哲学
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complemented /ˈkɒmplɪmentɪd/
v. 补充;补足
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rectified /ˈrektɪfaɪd/
v. 纠正;改正
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extensive /ɪkˈstensɪv/
adj. 广泛的;大量的
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divine /dɪˈvaɪn/
adj. 神的;神圣的
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natural /ˈnætʃrəl/
adj. 自然的;天然的
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attain /əˈteɪn/
v. 达到;获得
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virile /ˈvɪraɪl/
adj. 有男子气概的;刚健的
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humane /hjuːˈmeɪn/
adj. 人道的;仁慈的
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polarization /ˌpəʊləraɪˈzeɪʃn/
n. 极化;两极分化
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external /ɪkˈstɜːnl/
adj. 外部的;外来的
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internal /ɪnˈtɜːnl/
adj. 内部的;内在的
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carotid /kəˈrɒtɪd/
adj. 颈动脉的
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artery /ˈɑːtəri/
n. 动脉;干线
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deciphered /dɪˈsaɪfəd/
v. 破译;解读
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hieroglyphics /ˌhaɪərəˈɡlɪfɪks/
n. 象形文字
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geology /dʒiˈɒlədʒi/
n. 地质学
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silkworm /ˈsɪlkwɜːm/
n.
🔊 He was learned, a purist, exact, a graduate of the Polytechnic, a close student, and at the same time, thoughtful "even to chimaeras," so his friends said. He believed in all dreams, railroads, the suppression of suffering in chirurgical operations, the fixing of images in the dark chamber, the electric telegraph, the steering of balloons. Moreover, he was not much alarmed by the citadels erected against the human mind in every direction, by superstition, despotism, and prejudice. He was one of those who think that science will eventually turn the position. Enjolras was a chief, Combeferre was a guide. One would have liked to fight under the one and to march behind the other. It is not that Combeferre was not capable of fighting, he did not refuse a hand-to-hand combat with the obstacle, and to attack it by main force and explosively; but it suited him better to bring the human race into accord with its destiny gradually, by means of education, the inculcation of axioms, the promulgation of positive laws; and, between two lights, his preference was rather for illumination than for conflagration. A conflagration can create an aurora, no doubt, but why not await the dawn? A volcano illuminates, but daybreak furnishes a still better illumination. Possibly, Combeferre preferred the whiteness of the beautiful to the blaze of the sublime. A light troubled by smoke, progress purchased at the expense of violence, only half satisfied this tender and serious spirit. The headlong precipitation of a people into the truth, a '93, terrified him; nevertheless, stagnation was still more repulsive to him, in it he detected putrefaction and death; on the whole, he preferred scum to miasma, and he preferred the torrent to the cesspool, and the falls of Niagara to the lake of Montfaucon. In short, he desired neither halt nor haste. While his tumultuous friends, captivated by the absolute, adored and invoked splendid revolutionary adventures, Combeferre was inclined to let progress, good progress, take its own course; he may have been cold, but he was pure; methodical, but irreproachable; phlegmatic, but imperturbable. Combeferre would have knelt and clasped his hands to enable the future to arrive in all its candor, and that nothing might disturb the immense and virtuous evolution of the races. "The good must be innocent," he repeated incessantly. And in fact, if the grandeur of the Revolution consists in keeping the dazzling ideal fixedly in view, and of soaring thither athwart the lightnings, with fire and blood in its talons, the beauty of progress lies in being spotless; and there exists between Washington, who represents the one, and Danton, who incarnates the other, that difference which separates the swan from the angel with the wings of an eagle.

他博学、纯粹、精确,是综合理工学院的毕业生,刻苦钻研,同时思想深邃“甚至到了幻想的地步”--他的朋友们这么说。他相信一切梦想:铁路、外科手术中消除痛苦、暗箱中的图像固定、电报、气球的操控。此外,他并不太害怕迷信、专制和偏见在各个方向针对人类思想筑起的堡垒。他是那种认为科学最终会扭转局势的人。安灼拉是首领,公白飞是向导。人们愿意在首领的带领下作战,在向导的引导下前进。这并不是说公白飞不能战斗,他不拒绝与障碍进行肉搏,并用蛮力和爆发力攻击它;但他更倾向于通过教育、灌输公理、颁布积极法律,逐步使人类与命运和谐一致;在两盏灯之间,他更喜欢照亮而非纵火。纵火无疑能创造曙光,但为什么不等待黎明呢?火山照亮,但晨曦提供了更好的照明。或许,公白飞更喜欢美的洁白,而非崇高的炽烈。被烟雾破坏的光芒、以暴力为代价获得的进步,只能部分满足这个温柔而严肃的灵魂。人民仓促地冲向真理--一七九三年--使他恐惧;尽管如此,停滞更令他厌恶,他在其中嗅到腐朽和死亡;总的来说,他宁愿选择浮渣而非恶臭,宁愿选择急流而非污水池,宁愿选择尼亚加拉瀑布而非蒙福孔湖。简而言之,他既不愿停滞也不愿仓促。当他那些被绝对事物迷住的狂热朋友崇拜并召唤辉煌的革命冒险时,公白飞倾向于让进步--好的进步--自行发展;他或许冷漠,但纯洁;有条不紊,但无可指摘;冷静,但镇定自若。公白飞会跪下并合掌祈祷,让未来以全部纯真到来,不让任何事物干扰种族巨大而道德的演进。他不断重复:“善必须是纯真的。”事实上,如果大革命的伟大在于始终注视着耀眼的理想,并穿越闪电飞向那里,爪中带着火焰和鲜血,那么进步的美丽在于它的无瑕;华盛顿代表前者,而丹东体现后者,两者之间的区别如同天鹅与天使(鹰翼天使)之分。

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learned /ˈlɜːrnɪd/
adj. 博学的;有学问的
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suppression /səˈpreʃn/
n. 压制;抑制
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grandeur /ˈɡrændʒər/
n. 宏伟;壮丽
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despotism /ˈdespətɪzəm/
n. 专制;暴政
🔊 Jean Prouvaire was a still softer shade than Combeferre. His name was Jehan, owing to that petty momentary freak which mingled with the powerful and profound movement whence sprang the very essential study of the Middle Ages. Jean Prouvaire was in love; he cultivated a pot of flowers, played on the flute, made verses, loved the people, pitied woman, wept over the child, confounded God and the future in the same confidence, and blamed the Revolution for having caused the fall of a royal head, that of André Chénier. His voice was ordinarily delicate, but suddenly grew manly. He was learned even to erudition, and almost an Orientalist. Above all, he was good; and, a very simple thing to those who know how nearly goodness borders on grandeur, in the matter of poetry, he preferred the immense. He knew Italian, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew; and these served him only for the perusal of four poets: Dante, Juvenal, Aeschylus, and Isaiah. In French, he preferred Corneille to Racine, and Agrippa d'Aubigné to Corneille. He loved to saunter through fields of wild oats and cornflowers, and busied himself with clouds nearly as much as with events. His mind had two attitudes, one on the side towards man, the other on that towards God; he studied or he contemplated. All day long, he buried himself in social questions, salary, capital, credit, marriage, religion, liberty of thought, education, penal servitude, poverty, association, property, production and sharing, the enigma of this lower world which covers the human anthill with darkness; and at night, he gazed upon the planets, those enormous beings. Like Enjolras, he was wealthy and an only son. He spoke softly, bowed his head, lowered his eyes, smiled with embarrassment, dressed badly, had an awkward air, blushed at a mere nothing, and was very timid. Yet he was intrepid.

让·普鲁维尔是比公白飞更柔和的色调。他的名字是Jehan,源于那个与深刻而强大的运动(由此产生了对中世纪的根本研究)混杂在一起的短暂而任性的奇想。让·普鲁维尔在恋爱;他养了一盆花,吹笛子,作诗,热爱人民,怜悯女人,为孩子哭泣,以同样的信任将上帝和未来混为一谈,并责备大革命导致了一位皇室头颅--安德烈·谢尼耶的落地。他的声音通常很细腻,但会突然变得雄浑。他博学多识,几乎是一位东方学家。最重要的是,他善良;对于那些知道善良近乎伟大的人来说,这是一件非常简单的事情:在诗歌方面,他偏爱宏伟。他懂意大利语、拉丁语、希腊语和希伯来语;这些语言只用于阅读四位诗人:但丁、尤维纳利斯、埃斯库罗斯和以赛亚。在法语中,他更喜欢高乃依胜过拉辛,更喜欢阿格里帕·多比涅胜过高乃依。他喜欢在野燕麦和矢车菊的田野里漫步,关心云朵几乎和关心事件一样多。他的思想有两种态度:一种面向人,另一种面向上帝;他研究或沉思。白天,他埋头于社会问题:工资、资本、信贷、婚姻、宗教、思想自由、教育、苦役、贫困、联合、财产、生产和分配--这个笼罩人类蚁丘的尘世谜团;夜晚,他凝视着行星那些巨大的存在。像安灼拉一样,他富有且是独生子。他说话轻柔,低头,垂眼,尴尬地微笑,衣着邋遢,举止笨拙,动不动就脸红,非常胆小。然而他无所畏惧。

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erudition /ˌeruˈdɪʃn/
n. 博学;学问
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perusal /pəˈruːzl/
n. 阅读;研读
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intrepid /ɪnˈtrepɪd/
adj. 勇敢的;无畏的
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contemplated /ˈkɒntəmpleɪtɪd/
v. 沉思;思考 (过去式)
🔊 Feuilly was a workingman, a fan-maker, orphaned both of father and mother, who earned with difficulty three francs a day, and had but one thought, to deliver the world. He had one other preoccupation, to educate himself; he called this also, delivering himself. He had taught himself to read and write; everything that he knew, he had learned by himself. Feuilly had a generous heart. The range of his embrace was immense. This orphan had adopted the peoples. As his mother had failed him, he meditated on his country. He brooded with the profound divination of the man of the people, over what we now call the "idea of the nationality," had learned history with the express object of raging with full knowledge of the case. In this club of young Utopians, occupied chiefly with France, he represented the outside world. He had for his specialty Greece, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Italy. He uttered these names incessantly, appropriately and inappropriately, with the tenacity of right. The violations of Turkey on Greece and Thessaly, of Russia on Warsaw, of Austria on Venice, enraged him. Above all things, the great violence of 1772 aroused him. There is no more sovereign eloquence than the true in indignation; he was eloquent with that eloquence. He was inexhaustible on that infamous date of 1772, on the subject of that noble and valiant race suppressed by treason, and that three-sided crime, on that monstrous ambush, the prototype and pattern of all those horrible suppressions of states, which, since that time, have struck many a noble nation, and have annulled their certificate of birth, so to speak. All contemporary social crimes have their origin in the partition of Poland. The partition of Poland is a theorem of which all present political outrages are the corollaries. There has not been a despot, nor a traitor for nearly a century back, who has not signed, approved, countersigned, and copied, ne variatur, the partition of Poland. When the record of modern treasons was examined, that was the first thing which made its appearance. The congress of Vienna consulted that crime before consummating its own. 1772 sounded the onset; 1815 was the death of the game. Such was Feuilly's habitual text. This poor workingman had constituted himself the tutor of Justice, and she recompensed him by rendering him great. The fact is, that there is eternity in right. Warsaw can no more be Tartar than Venice can be Teuton. Kings lose their pains and their honor in the attempt to make them so. Sooner or later, the submerged part floats to the surface and reappears. Greece becomes Greece again, Italy is once more Italy. The protest of right against the deed persists forever. The theft of a nation cannot be allowed by prescription. These lofty deeds of rascality have no future.

弗以伊是一个工人,做扇子的,父母双亡,每天辛苦挣三个法郎,只有一个想法:解放世界。他还有另一个关注点:自我教育;他也称之为解放自己。他自学了读写;他所知道的一切都是自学的。弗以伊有一颗慷慨的心。他的拥抱范围巨大。这个孤儿收养了人民。由于他的母亲去世了,他冥想着他的祖国。他以普通人深刻的洞察力沉思着我们今天所谓的“民族观念”,学习历史的目的就是带着充分了解情况的愤怒。在这个主要由法国占据的年轻乌托邦者俱乐部里,他代表了外部世界。他专攻希腊、波兰、匈牙利、罗马尼亚、意大利。他不分场合、恰当地、不恰当地,以权利的执拗不断提起这些名字。土耳其对希腊和塞萨利的侵犯、俄罗斯对华沙的侵犯、奥地利对威尼斯的侵犯激怒了他。尤其是1772年的巨大暴行让他义愤填膺。没有什么比愤怒中的真理更有说服力;他拥有那种雄辩。他对那个可耻的1772年事件滔滔不绝,讲述那个被背叛压制的崇高英勇种族,那个三方的罪行,那个巨大的伏击--它是所有那些此后摧毁了许多高贵民族的可怕国家压制行动的原型和模式,可以说剥夺了它们的出生证明。所有当代社会罪行都源于瓜分波兰。瓜分波兰是一条定理,所有当前的政治暴行都是其推论。近一个世纪以来,没有一个专制君主或叛徒不签署、批准、连署并复制(ne variatur)瓜分波兰。当审查现代背叛的记录时,首先出现的就是这个。维也纳会议在完成自己的罪行之前参考了那次罪行。1772年吹响了号角;1815年是游戏结束。这就是弗以伊常谈的话题。这个穷工人自封为正义的导师,而正义通过使他伟大来回报他。事实上,权利是永恒的。华沙不能是鞑靼的,正如威尼斯不能是条顿的。国王们试图让它们如此,只是白费力气和荣誉。迟早,沉没的部分会浮出水面并重现。希腊再次成为希腊,意大利再次成为意大利。权利对事实的抗议永远持续。一个国家的盗窃行为不能因为时效而得到允许。这些高尚的流氓行径没有未来。

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fan-maker /ˈfæn ˌmeɪkər/
n. 扇子制造者
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orphaned /ˈɔːrfənd/
adj. 成为孤儿的
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tenacity /təˈnæsəti/
n. 坚韧;执着
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traitor /ˈtreɪtər/
n. 叛徒

一个民族不能像手帕一样被抽走标记。

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extracted /ɪkˈstræktɪd/
v. 提取;摘录 (过去分词)

古费拉克的父亲曾被称作德·古费拉克先生。在复辟时期,资产阶级对贵族和贵族的错误观念之一就是相信“德”这个介词。众所周知,“德”毫无意义。但密涅瓦时代的资产阶级如此看重这个可怜的“德”,以至于他们认为必须放弃它。肖夫兰先生自称肖夫兰;科马尔坦先生自称科马尔坦;康斯坦·德·罗贝克先生自称邦雅曼·康斯坦;德·拉法耶特先生自称拉法耶特先生。古费拉克不愿落后于人,便自称普通的古费拉克。

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bourgeoisie /ˌbʊrʒwɑːˈziː/
n. 资产阶级
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aristocracy /ˌærɪˈstɒkrəsi/
n. 贵族阶层
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abdicate /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/
v. 放弃(权力/责任)

至于古费拉克,我们几乎可以到此为止,并局限于说:“关于古费拉克,请参见托洛米埃。”

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confine /kənˈfaɪn/
v. 限制;禁闭

古费拉克确实拥有那种可称为“才智之美”的青春活力。后来,这就像小猫的嬉戏一样消失,所有这些优雅,在资产阶级那里以两条腿结束,在雄猫那里以四条腿结束。

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animation /ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn/
n. 活力;动画
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grace /ɡreɪs/
n. 优雅;恩典

这种机智代代相传于相继经过学校的年轻人中,他们像赛跑者一样手递手传递,几乎总是完全相同;因此,正如我们刚才指出的,任何在1828年听过古费拉克讲话的人都会觉得听到了1817年的托洛米埃。只是,古费拉克是个正直的人。在外表相似之下,他们之间隐藏着巨大差异。存在于两人中的潜在人格,在第一个和第二个中完全不同。在托洛米埃身上有一个地方检察官,在古费拉克身上有一个游侠骑士。

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transmitted /trænzˈmɪtɪd/
v. 传播;传送 (过去分词)
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latent /ˈleɪtnt/
adj. 潜在的;潜伏的
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paladin /ˈpælədɪn/
n. 游侠;骑士

安灼拉是首领,公白飞是向导,古费拉克是中心。其他人提供更多光芒,他散发更多温暖;事实上,他拥有中心的所有品质:圆融和光辉。

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centre /ˈsentər/
n. 中心
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radiance /ˈreɪdiəns/
n. 光辉;辐射

巴阿雷曾在1822年6月参加年轻拉勒芒葬礼的血腥骚乱。

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tumult /ˈtjuːmʌlt/
n. 骚动;混乱
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burial /ˈberiəl/
n. 埋葬;葬礼

巴阿雷是个和蔼可亲的家伙,交往不三不四的人,勇敢,挥霍无度,慷慨大方近乎大方,健谈,有时雄辩,大胆近乎厚颜无耻;他是最好的人;他穿着大胆的背心,言论赤红;是个虚张声势的人,也就是说,他最爱争吵,除非是起义;最爱起义,除非是革命;随时准备打碎一扇窗户,然后掀翻铺路石,然后推翻一个政府,只是为了看看效果;他是第十一年的学生。他学过法律,但没实践。他把座右铭定为“绝不当律师”,纹章是一个可见方帽的床头柜。每次他经过法学院(很少发生),他都扣上外套--当时还没有“大衣”这种衣服--并采取卫生预防措施。他对学校门房说:“多么好的老人!”对院长德尔文古先生说:“多么伟大的丰碑!”在课堂上,他寻找歌谣的题材,在教授身上寻找漫画的机会。他每年大约三千法郎的相当丰厚的津贴,全花在无所事事上。

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spendthrift /ˈspendθrɪft/
n. 挥霍者
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prodigal /ˈprɒdɪɡl/
adj. 浪费的;挥霍的
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demolish /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/
v. 摧毁;拆除

他有农民父母,他设法让他们尊重儿子。他谈到他们时说:“他们是农民而不是资产阶级;这就是他们聪明的原因。”

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contrived /kənˈtraɪvd/
v. 设法做到 (过去式)
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imbue /ɪmˈbjuː/
v. 灌输;使充满

巴阿雷是个反复无常的人,分散在众多咖啡馆里;其他人有习惯,他没有。他漫无目的地闲逛。迷路是人性的。闲逛是巴黎人的。实际上,他有敏锐的头脑,比外表看起来更有思想。

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caprice /kəˈpriːs/
n. 反复无常;任性
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penetrating /ˈpenɪtreɪtɪŋ/
adj. 敏锐的;穿透的

他充当了“ABC的朋友们”和后来才形成的其他尚未组织起来的团体之间的纽带。

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connecting link /kəˈnektɪŋ lɪŋk/
n. 连接环节
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unorganized /ʌnˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/
adj. 未组织的
🔊 In this conclave of young heads, there was one bald member.

在这群年轻头脑的集会上,有一个秃头成员。

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conclave /ˈkɒŋkleɪv/
n. 秘密会议;红衣主教会议
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bald /bɔːld/
adj. 秃头的;光秃的

阿瓦赖侯爵(被路易十八封为公爵,因为他在国王流亡那天帮国王上了一辆出租马车)常讲述:1814年,国王在加来登陆时,一个人递上一份请愿书。“你要求什么?”国王说。“陛下,一个邮局。”“你叫什么名字?”“拉伊格。”国王皱起眉头,看了一眼请愿书上的签名,看到名字写的是:莱格勒。这种非波拿巴主义的拼写打动了国王,他露出了微笑。“陛下,”请愿者接着说,“我的祖先是一个猎犬管理员,绰号‘莱斯格勒’。这个绰号成了我的姓。我叫莱斯格勒,缩写为莱格勒,又讹转为拉伊格。”这使国王大笑起来。后来,他有意或无意地把莫城的驿站给了那个人。这个秃头成员就是那个莱格勒(或莱格勒)的儿子,他签名时自称莱格勒(德·莫城)。作为缩写,同伴们叫他波舒哀。

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emigrated /ˈemɪɡreɪtɪd/
v. 移居国外,移民
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disembarking /dɪsɪmˈbɑːrkɪŋ/
v. 下船,登陆
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petition /pɪˈtɪʃən/
n. 请愿书;请愿
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beheld /bɪˈheld/
v. 看见,注视(behold的过去式)
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orthography /ɔːrˈθɒɡrəfi/
n. 正字法,拼写法
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resumed /rɪˈzuːmd/
v. 重新开始,继续
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contraction /kənˈtrækʃən/
n. 缩写;收缩
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corruption /kəˈrʌpʃən/
n. 腐败;讹误(语言演变中的变异)
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intentionally /ɪnˈtenʃənəli/
adv. 故意地,有意地
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abbreviation /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/
n. 缩写,缩略词
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wont /wəʊnt/
adj. 惯常的,习惯的

波舒哀是个快活但倒霉的家伙。他的专长是一事无成。作为补偿,他对一切报以大笑。二十五岁时他就秃了。他父亲最终拥有了一所房子和一块田地;但他,儿子,却在一个糟糕的投机中很快失去了那所房子和那块地。他什么也没剩下。他有知识和才智,但一切都不顺。一切事情都失败,每个人都欺骗他;他建造的东西塌下来砸到他身上。如果他劈柴,就会割到手指。如果他有个情人,他很快就会发现自己还有一个朋友。每时每刻都有不幸降临到他头上,因此他乐呵呵的。他说:“我活在掉瓦片下。”他不容易惊讶,因为对他来说,意外是他预见的;他平静地接受厄运,像听笑话的人一样微笑着面对命运的捉弄。他很穷,但他的幽默感取之不尽。他很快花光最后一个苏,却从未耗尽最后一缕笑声。当逆境登门时,他热情地招呼这位老相识,拍拍所有灾难的肚子;他与命运熟稔到了用绰号称呼它的地步:“你好,倒霉蛋。”他这么说。

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specialty /ˈspeʃəlti/
n. 专业,特长;特制品
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offset /ˈɒfset/
n. 抵消,补偿;偏移
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speculation /ˌspekjuˈleɪʃən/
n. 投机;推测
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wit /wɪt/
n. 智慧,才智;风趣
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miscarried /mɪsˈkærid/
v. 失败;流产
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deceived /dɪˈsiːvd/
v. 欺骗,蒙蔽
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misfortune /mɪsˈfɔːrtʃən/
n. 不幸,厄运
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joviality /ˌdʒoʊviˈæləti/
n. 愉快,快乐
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serenely /səˈriːnli/
adv. 安详地,平静地
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pleasantries /ˈplezəntriz/
n. 客套话,玩笑
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inexhaustible /ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔːstəbəl/
adj. 用不完的,无穷无尽的
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adversity /ədˈvɜːrsəti/
n. 逆境,不幸
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cordially /ˈkɔːrdʒəli/
adv. 热诚地,诚挚地
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catastrophes /kəˈtæstrəfiz/
n. 灾难,大祸(复数)
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fatality /fəˈtæləti/
n. 致命性;命运;死亡

命运的迫害使他变得富有创造力。他足智多谋。他没有钱,但当他觉得合适时,他有办法放纵“无度的挥霍”。一天晚上,他和一个妓女吃了一顿“一百法郎”的晚餐,这促使他在狂欢中说了句令人难忘的话:“给我脱靴子,你这个值五个路易的娼妇。”

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persecutions /ˌpɜːrsɪˈkjuːʃənz/
n. 迫害(复数)
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rendered /ˈrendərd/
v. 使得;提供;翻译
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inventive /ɪnˈventɪv/
adj. 有发明才能的,富于创意的
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indulge /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/
v. 沉溺,放纵;满足
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unbridled /ʌnˈbraɪdld/
adj. 无拘束的,放纵的
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extravagance /ɪkˈstrævəɡəns/
n. 奢侈,挥霍
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orgy /ˈɔːrdʒi/
n. 狂欢,纵欲

波舒哀正在慢慢走向律师的职业;他像巴阿雷那样学习法律。波舒哀没有固定住所,有时根本没有。他今天住在这个人家里,明天住在那个人家里,大多数时候和若李住在一起。若李正在学医。他比波舒哀小两岁。

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domicile /ˈdɒmɪsaɪl/
n. 住所,定居地

若李是“小病夫”。他从医学中获得的,是比医生更像病人。二十三岁时,他自认为体弱多病,整天对着镜子检查舌头。他断言人像针一样具有磁性,并把他的床放在房间里,床头朝南,床尾朝北,这样晚上他的血液循环就不会受到地球强大电流的干扰。打雷时,他给自己把脉。除此之外,他是所有人中最快活的。所有这些年轻、怪诞、瘦弱、欢快的不协调和睦共处,结果形成了一个古怪而讨人喜欢的人;他的同伴们(挥霍辅音)叫他若利利。“你可以飞走,靠四个L。”让·普鲁维尔对他说。

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valetudinarian /ˌvælɪtuːdɪˈneriən/
n. 体弱多病者,健康不佳的人
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affirmed /əˈfɜːrmd/
v. 断言,确认
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circulation /ˌsɜːrkjʊˈleɪʃən/
n. 循环;流通;发行量
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maniacal /məˈnaɪəkəl/
adj. 疯狂的,狂热的
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puny /ˈpjuːni/
adj. 弱小的,微小的
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incoherences /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪərənsɪz/
n. 不连贯,无条理(复数)
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eccentric /ɪkˈsentrɪk/
adj. 古怪的,反常的

若李有个习惯:用拐杖尖碰鼻子--这显示出敏锐的头脑。

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sagacious /səˈɡeɪʃəs/
adj. 睿智的,有洞察力的

所有这些如此不同的年轻人,总体而言只能被认真讨论,他们拥有共同的宗教:进步。

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religion /rɪˈlɪdʒən/
n. 宗教;信仰
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Progress /ˈprəʊɡres/
n. 进步;进展

所有人都是法国大革命的直接子嗣。他们中最轻浮的人遇到一七八九年这个日期时也会变得严肃。他们的生身父亲曾是保王党人或教条派,这无关紧要;这种在他们之前的混乱,与他们这些年轻人无关;原则的纯洁血液在他们血管中流淌。他们不经过任何中间色调,直接依附于不可腐蚀的权利和绝对的义务。

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royalists /ˈrɔɪəlɪsts/
n. 保皇主义者(复数)
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doctrinaires /ˌdɒktrɪˈnerz/
n. 教条主义者(复数)
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anterior /ænˈtɪriər/
adj. 前面的,先前的
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incorruptible /ˌɪnkəˈrʌptəbəl/
adj. 廉洁的,不可腐蚀的
🔊 Affiliated and initiated, they sketched out the ideal underground.

他们加入并接受启蒙,在暗中勾勒理想。

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Affiliated /əˈfɪlieɪtɪd/
v. 使附属;加入(过去分词)
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initiated /ɪˈnɪʃieɪtɪd/
v. 开始,发起;启蒙(过去分词)

在所有这些炽热的心和深信不疑的头脑中,有一个怀疑论者。他怎么在那里的?通过并置。这个怀疑论者的名字叫格朗泰尔,他习惯用这个画谜签名:R.格朗泰尔是一个非常小心不相信任何事物的人。此外,他是那些在巴黎学习期间学得最多的学生之一;他知道最好的咖啡是在朗布兰咖啡馆,最好的台球是在伏尔泰咖啡馆,好的蛋糕和姑娘在隐士居(在曼恩大道上),劈开煎的鸡在索热妈妈餐馆,出色的炖鱼在拉屈内特关卡,某种淡白酒在孔帕关卡。他知道一切都最好去处;此外,他还懂拳击、棍术和一些舞蹈;他是个彻底的棍术高手。他还非常能喝。他奇丑无比:当时最漂亮的缝靴女工伊尔玛·布瓦西对他的丑陋感到愤怒,对他下了这样的判决:“格朗泰尔是不可能的”;但格朗泰尔的自负并未被挫败。他用温柔而执着的眼神盯着所有女人,仿佛对她们所有人说:“只要我愿意!”并试图让他的同伴们相信他普遍受欢迎。

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sceptic /ˈskeptɪk/
n. 怀疑论者,持怀疑态度的人
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juxtaposition /ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃən/
n. 并列,并置
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rebus /ˈriːbəs/
n. 字谜,画谜
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inordinately /ɪnˈɔːrdɪnətli/
adv. 过分地,异常地
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fatuity /fəˈtuːəti/
n. 愚蠢,昏庸
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disconcerted /ˌdɪskənˈsɜːrtɪd/
v. 使不安,使困惑(过去分词)
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fixedly /ˈfɪksɪdli/
adv. 固定地,坚定地;目不转睛地

所有那些词汇:人民的权利、人的权利、社会契约、法国大革命、共和国、民主、人道、文明、宗教、进步,对格朗泰尔来说都近乎毫无意义。他对它们一笑置之。怀疑论--智力的蛀牙--没给他留下一个完整的想法。他用讽刺生活。他的准则是:“只有一样东西是确定的,我的满杯。”他嘲笑所有党派的虔诚,无论是父亲还是兄弟,罗伯斯庇尔小辈还是洛瓦泽罗尔。“他们走得太远,死了,”他喊道。他评论十字架说:“这是一个成功的绞刑架。”他是个浪荡子、赌徒、酒色之徒,经常喝醉,他不断哼着“我爱姑娘,我爱美酒”(曲调:亨利四世万岁)来惹恼这些年轻的梦想家。

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scepticism /ˈskeptɪsɪzəm/
n. 怀疑主义,怀疑态度
🔊
axiom /ˈæksiəm/
n. 公理,格言
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gibbet /ˈdʒɪbɪt/
n. 绞刑架
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libertine /ˈlɪbərtiːn/
n. 浪子,放纵者
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incessantly /ɪnˈsesəntli/
adv. 不间断地,频繁地
🔊 However, this sceptic had one fanaticism. This fanaticism was neither a dogma, nor an idea, nor an art, nor a science; it was a man: Enjolras. Grantaire admired, loved, and venerated Enjolras. To whom did this anarchical scoffer unite himself in this phalanx of absolute minds? To the most absolute. In what manner had Enjolras subjugated him? By his ideas? No. By his character. A phenomenon which is often observable. A sceptic who adheres to a believer is as simple as the law of complementary colors. That which we lack attracts us. No one loves the light like the blind man. The dwarf adores the drum-major. The toad always has his eyes fixed on heaven. Why? In order to watch the bird in its flight. Grantaire, in whom writhed doubt, loved to watch faith soar in Enjolras. He had need of Enjolras. That chaste, healthy, firm, upright, hard, candid nature charmed him, without his being clearly aware of it, and without the idea of explaining it to himself having occurred to him. He admired his opposite by instinct. His soft, yielding, dislocated, sickly, shapeless ideas attached themselves to Enjolras as to a spinal column. His moral backbone leaned on that firmness. Grantaire in the presence of Enjolras became someone once more. He was, himself, moreover, composed of two elements, which were, to all appearance, incompatible. He was ironical and cordial. His indifference loved. His mind could get along without belief, but his heart could not get along without friendship. A profound contradiction; for an affection is a conviction. His nature was thus constituted. There are men who seem to be born to be the reverse, the obverse, the wrong side. They are Pollux, Patrocles, Nisus, Eudamidas, Ephestion, Pechmeja. They only exist on condition that they are backed up with another man; their name is a sequel, and is only written preceded by the conjunction and; and their existence is not their own; it is the other side of an existence which is not theirs. Grantaire was one of these men. He was the obverse of Enjolras.

然而,这个怀疑论者有一种狂热。这种狂热既不是教条,也不是思想,也不是艺术,也不是科学;它是一个人:安灼拉。格朗泰尔钦佩、爱慕并尊敬安灼拉。这个无政府主义的嘲弄者,为什么团结在这个绝对思想的方阵中?团结在最绝对的人身边。安灼拉是如何征服他的?通过他的思想?不。通过他的性格。这是一个经常可见的现象。一个依附于信徒的怀疑论者,就像补色定律一样简单。我们缺乏的东西吸引我们。没有人像盲人那样热爱光明。侏儒崇拜鼓手长。癞蛤蟆总是盯着天空。为什么?为了看飞翔的鸟。格朗泰尔内心充满怀疑,却喜欢看着信仰在安灼拉身上翱翔。他需要安灼拉。那个纯洁、健康、坚定、正直、刚硬、坦率的性格吸引了他,尽管他自己并不清楚,也从未想过要解释这原因。他本能地欣赏他的反面。他那些柔软、易弯、脱节、病态、不成形的想法依附于安灼拉,就像依附于脊柱一样。他的道德脊梁靠在那坚实之上。在安灼拉面前,格朗泰尔重新变成了一个人。而且,他自己也由两个看似不兼容的元素组成。他既讽刺又亲切。他的冷漠中包含着爱。他的头脑可以没有信仰,但他的心不能没有友谊。一个深刻的矛盾;因为感情就是一种信念。他的天性就是如此构成。有些人生来似乎就是反面、向背、背谬。他们是波吕克斯、帕特洛克罗斯、尼苏斯、欧达米达斯、赫菲斯提翁、佩什梅雅。他们只有依附于另一个人才存在;他们的名字是后续,只能写在连词“和”之后;他们的存在不属于自己;而是另一种不属于他们的存在的另一面。格朗泰尔就是这样的人。他是安灼拉的反面。

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fanaticism /fəˈnætɪsɪzəm/
n. 狂热,盲信
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anarchical /æˈnɑːrkɪkəl/
adj. 无政府的,混乱的
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scoffer /ˈskɒfər/
n. 嘲笑者,讥讽者
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phalanx /ˈfælæŋks/
n. 方阵,密集队形;一群人
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subjugated /ˈsʌbdʒʊɡeɪtɪd/
v. 征服,制服(过去分词)
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complementary /ˌkɒmplɪˈmentəri/
adj. 互补的,补充的
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candid /ˈkændɪd/
adj. 坦率的,真诚的
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dislocated /ˈdɪsləkeɪtɪd/
adj. 脱臼的;混乱的
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incompatible /ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl/
adj. 不相容的,矛盾的
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obverse /ˈɒbvɜːrs/
n. 正面;对立面
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adheres /ədˈhɪrz/
v. 粘附;坚持(第三人称单数)
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writhed /raɪðd/
v. 扭动,痛苦挣扎(过去式)
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chaste /tʃeɪst/
adj. 纯洁的,贞洁的;简洁的
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yielding /ˈjiːldɪŋ/
adj. 柔顺的,易弯曲的;出产的

我们几乎可以说,亲和力始于字母表。在系列中,O和P是不可分离的。你可以随意说O和P,或者俄瑞斯忒斯和皮拉得斯。

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affinities /əˈfɪnətiz/
n. 亲和力,密切关系(复数)
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inseparable /ɪnˈsepərəbəl/
adj. 不可分离的

格朗泰尔--安灼拉的真正卫星--生活在这个年轻人的圈子里;他住在那里,除了那里之外无处可寻乐趣;他到处跟着他们。他的快乐是通过酒雾看到这些身形来来去去。他们因为他的好脾气而容忍他。安灼拉这个信徒鄙视这个怀疑论者;他自己是个清醒的人,瞧不起这个醉鬼。他对他施以一点高高在上的怜悯。格朗泰尔是一个不被接受的皮拉得斯。总是被安灼拉严厉对待,粗暴地拒绝、排斥,却总又回来纠缠,他说起安灼拉时这么说:“多么好的大理石!”

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satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/
n. 卫星;追随者
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disdained /dɪsˈdeɪnd/
v. 鄙视,轻视(过去式)
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scorned /skɔːrnd/
v. 轻蔑,鄙视(过去式)
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accorded /əˈkɔːrdɪd/
v. 给予,授予(过去式)
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unaccepted /ˌʌnəkˈseptɪd/
adj. 不被接受的
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repulsed /rɪˈpʌlseɪtɪd/
v. 击退,拒绝(过去分词)
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。