🔊 "Black eyes you have left, you say, Blue eyes fail to draw you; Yet you seem more rapt today, Than of old we saw you.

“你说是黑眼睛让你逃离,蓝眼睛却唤不回你；可你今天似乎比当年我们见你时更加着迷。

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rapt /ræpt/

adj. 全神贯注的,入迷的➕

🔊 "Oh, I track the fairest fair Through new haunts of pleasure; Footprints here and echoes there Guide me to my treasure: "Lo! she turns--immortal youth Wrought to mortal stature, Fresh as starlight's aged truth-- Many-named Nature!"

“哦,我追寻最美的美人,踏遍新奇的欢愉之地；此处的足迹、彼处的回音,指引我找到我的宝藏:‘瞧！她转身--不朽的青春化作凡人的身躯,清新如星光古老的真相--千变万化的大自然！’”

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immortal /ɪˈmɔːrtl/

adj. 不朽的,永恒的➕

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stature /ˈstætʃər/

n. 身高；地位➕

🔊 A great historian, as he insisted on calling himself, who had the happiness to be dead a hundred and twenty years ago, and so to take his place among the colossi whose huge legs our living pettiness is observed to walk under, glories in his copious remarks and digressions as the least imitable part of his work, and especially in those initial chapters to the successive books of his history, where he seems to bring his armchair to the proscenium and chat with us in all the lusty ease of his fine English. But Fielding lived when the days were longer (for time, like money, is measured by our needs), when summer afternoons were spacious, and the clock ticked slowly in the winter evenings. We belated historians must not linger after his example; and if we did so, it is probable that our chat would be thin and eager, as if delivered from a campstool in a parrot-house. I at least have so much to do in unraveling certain human lots, and seeing how they were woven and interwoven, that all the light I can command must be concentrated on this particular web, and not dispersed over that tempting range of relevancies called the universe.

一位伟大的历史学家--他坚持自称如此,有幸在一百二十年前安息,从而跻身于那些巨人之列（我们这些活着的小人物被观察到在其巨腿下行走）--以他宏富的评论和离题之笔为荣,称其为作品中最难以模仿的部分,尤其在他历史书各卷的起始章节中,他似乎将扶手椅搬到前台,以他那优美英语的畅快自在与我们聊天。但《菲尔丁》生活的时代日子更长（因时间如同金钱,由我们的需求度量）,夏日午后悠长,冬夜时钟滴答缓慢。我们这些迟来的历史学家不能效仿他的榜样；若如此,我们的闲聊恐怕会苍白而急躁,仿佛在一间鹦鹉笼中从折凳上发言。我至少有许多事要做:理清某些人的命运,看它们如何编织与交织,以至于我所能集起的所有光芒都必须集中在这张特定的网上,而不能分散到那被称为宇宙的诱人关联领域。

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historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/

n. 历史学家➕

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copious /ˈkoʊpiəs/

adj. 丰富的,大量的➕

🔊 At present I have to make the new settler Lydgate better known to any one interested in him than he could possibly be even to those who had seen the most of him since his arrival in Middlemarch. For surely all must admit that a man may be puffed and belauded, envied, ridiculed, counted upon as a tool and fallen in love with, or at least selected as a future husband, and yet remain virtually unknown-known merely as a cluster of signs for his neighbors' false suppositions. There was a general impression, however, that Lydgate was not altogether a common country doctor, and in Middlemarch at that time such an impression was significant of great things being expected from him. For everybody's family doctor was remarkably clever, and was understood to have immeasurable skill in the management and training of the most skittish or vicious diseases. The evidence of his cleverness was of the higher intuitive order, lying in his lady-patients' immovable conviction, and was unassailable by any objection except that their intuitions were opposed by others equally strong; each lady who saw medical truth in Wrench and "the strengthening treatment" regarding Toller and "the lowering system" as medical perdition. For the heroic times of copious bleeding and blistering had not yet departed, still less the times of thorough-going theory, when disease in general was called by some bad name, and treated accordingly without shilly-shally-as if, for example, it were to be called insurrection, which must not be fired on with blank-cartridge, but have its blood drawn at once. The strengtheners and the lowerers were all "clever" men in somebody's opinion, which is really as much as can be said for any living talents. Nobody's imagination had gone so far as to conjecture that Mr. Lydgate could know as much as Dr. Sprague and Dr. Minchin, the two physicians, who alone could offer any hope when danger was extreme, and when the smallest hope was worth a guinea. Still, I repeat, there was a general impression that Lydgate was something rather more uncommon than any general practitioner in Middlemarch. And this was true. He was but seven-and-twenty, an age at which many men are not quite common--at which they are hopeful of achievement, resolute in avoidance, thinking that Mammon shall never put a bit in their mouths and get astride their backs, but rather that Mammon, if they have anything to do with him, shall draw their chariot.

此刻,我不得不让新定居者《利德盖特》为任何关心他的人所熟知,其程度甚至超过自他到达《米德尔马契》以来最常接触他的人对他的了解。因为毫无疑问,一个人可以被吹捧、赞扬、嫉妒、嘲笑、被当作工具利用、陷入爱河,或至少被选为未来夫婿,却仍然实质上不为人知--仅仅作为邻居们错误猜想的表征符号。然而,普遍的印象是--《利德盖特》不完全是个普通的乡村医生,而在那时的《米德尔马契》,这样的印象意味着对他寄予厚望。因为每个人的家庭医生都极其聪明,并在处理最暴躁或邪恶的疾病方面被认为拥有无可估量的技巧。他聪明才智的证据属于高级直觉范畴,建立在他的女病人根深蒂固的信念之上,任何反对意见都无法动摇,除非其他同样强烈的直觉与之对立；每位女士在《伦奇》和“强化疗法”中看到医学真理,而将《托勒》和“消弱体系”视为医学地狱。因为大量放血和起泡的英雄时代尚未过去,更不用说彻底理论的时代了--那时疾病总被冠以恶名,并照此治疗,毫不含糊--仿佛它被称作叛乱,必须用实弹射击,而不能用空弹,必须立即放血。强化派和消弱派在某人看来都是“聪明”人,这大概就是活生生的才能所能获得的评价了。没有人的想象力远到能猜测《利德盖特先生》能与《斯普拉格医生》和《明钦医生》这两位内科医生相提并论--只有在危险极端、哪怕最小希望也值一个几尼时,他们才能提供一线生机。尽管如此,我重复一遍,普遍印象是《利德盖特》比任何一位《米德尔马契》的《全科医生》都更不寻常。而这是真的。他才二十七岁,这个年龄许多人都还不太普通--他们满怀成就的希望,决意回避,认为玛门永远不会给他们套上马嚼子、骑上他们的脊背,而宁可让玛门（若他们与之打交道）为他们拉车。

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virtually /ˈvɜːrtʃuəli/

adv. 几乎；实际上➕

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suppositions /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃənz/

n. 假定,推测➕

🔊 He had been left an orphan when he was fresh from a public school. His father, a military man, had made but little provision for three children, and when the boy Tertius asked to have a medical education, it seemed easier to his guardians to grant his request by apprenticing him to a country practitioner than to make any objections on the score of family dignity. He was one of the rarer lads who early get a decided bent and make up their minds that there is something particular in life which they would like to do for its own sake, and not because their fathers did it. Most of us who turn to any subject with love remember some morning or evening hour when we got on a high stool to reach down an untried volume, or sat with parted lips listening to a new talker, or for very lack of books began to listen to the voices within, as the first traceable beginning of our love. Something of that sort happened to Lydgate. He was a quick fellow, and when hot from play, would toss himself in a corner, and in five minutes be deep in any sort of book that he could lay his hands on: if it were Rasselas or Gulliver, so much the better, but Bailey's Dictionary would do, or the Bible with the Apocrypha in it. Something he must read, when he was not riding the pony, or running and hunting, or listening to the talk of men. All this was true of him at ten years of age; he had then read through "Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea," which was neither milk for babes, nor any chalky mixture meant to pass for milk, and it had already occurred to him that books were stuff, and that life was stupid. His school studies had not much modified that opinion, for though he "did" his classics and mathematics, he was not pre-eminent in them. It was said of him that Lydgate could do anything he liked, but he had certainly not yet liked to do anything remarkable. He was a vigorous animal with a ready understanding, but no spark had yet kindled in him an intellectual passion; knowledge seemed to him a very superficial affair, easily mastered: judging from the conversation of his elders, he had apparently got already more than was necessary for mature life. Probably this was not an exceptional result of expensive teaching at that period of short-waisted coats, and other fashions which have not yet recurred. But one vacation, a wet day sent him to the small home library to hunt once more for a book which might have some freshness for him: in vain! unless, indeed, he took down a dusty row of volumes with gray-paper backs and dingy labels-the volumes of an old Cyclopaedia which he had never disturbed. It would at least be a novelty to disturb them.

他刚从公学毕业就成了孤儿。他的父亲是一名军人,只给三个孩子留下微薄遗产；当男孩《特蒂斯》请求接受医学教育时,对他的监护人来说,同意他的请求、把他送去给一位乡村医生当学徒,似乎比以家族尊严为由提出反对更容易。他是那种少见的少年,早早便有了明确志向,并下定决心:生活中有某种东西,他愿意为之付出,不是为了父辈做过,而是为了其本身。我们这些爱上某个主题的人,大多记得某个清晨或傍晚时分--我们爬上高脚凳去够一本未读过的书,或张着嘴唇聆听一位新来者讲话,或因极度缺乏书籍而开始倾听内心的声音--那便是我们爱好的最早可追溯之始。类似的事情发生在《利德盖特》身上。他是个机灵的小伙子,疯玩之后会扑通一声倒在角落,五分钟内便沉浸在任何他能找到的书中:若是《拉塞拉斯》或《格列佛》,那就更好了；但《贝利词典》也行,或者带经外书的《圣经》。他非得读点什么,当他不骑小马、不跑不追、不听大人们谈话的时候。十岁时他就是这样；那时他已读完了《克里萨尔,或一枚几尼的冒险》,这本书既不是婴儿的乳汁,也不是任何冒充牛奶的白垩混合物,而且他已经想到书是乏味的,生活是愚蠢的。学校的学习并未太大改变这一观点,因为尽管他“修”了古典文学和数学,却并不出众。据说《利德盖特》什么事情只要想做就能做好,但他显然还没有喜欢上做任何了不起的事。他是个精力充沛、理解力强的动物,但尚未有火花在他心中点燃知识热情；在他看来,知识非常肤浅,容易掌握:从长辈的谈话判断,他似乎已经获得了比成熟生活所需更多的东西。在那个短腰外套和其他至今尚未重现的时尚时代,昂贵教育的这种结果大概并不例外。但一个假期,一个下雨天把他送回家中小书房,再次寻找一本对他来说或许有些新鲜感的书:徒劳！除非,他取下了一排布满灰尘、灰纸封皮、标签褪色的书--一本他从未翻动过的旧百科全书的几卷。翻动它们至少是件新鲜事。

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orphan /ˈɔːrfən/

n. 孤儿➕

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intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/

adj. 智力的；有才智的➕

🔊 They were on the highest shelf, and he stood on a chair to get them down. But he opened the volume which he first took from the shelf: somehow, one is apt to read in a makeshift attitude, just where it might seem inconvenient to do so. The page he opened on was under the head of Anatomy, and the first passage that drew his eyes was on the valves of the heart. He was not much acquainted with valves of any sort, but he knew that valvae were folding-doors, and through this crevice came a sudden light startling him with his first vivid notion of finely adjusted mechanism in the human frame. A liberal education had of course left him free to read the indecent passages in the school classics, but beyond a general sense of secrecy and obscenity in connection with his internal structure, had left his imagination quite unbiassed, so that for anything he knew his brains lay in small bags at his temples, and he had no more thought of representing to himself how his blood circulated than how paper served instead of gold. But the moment of vocation had come, and before he got down from his chair, the world was made new to him by a presentiment of endless processes filling the vast spaces planked out of his sight by that wordy ignorance which he had supposed to be knowledge. From that hour Lydgate felt the growth of an intellectual passion.

书在最上层书架上,他站上椅子去取。但他打开了最先从架上拿下的那卷:不知怎的,人总爱在不方便的地方、以凑合的姿势阅读。他翻开的那一页是“解剖学”词条,第一行吸引他目光的文字是关于心脏瓣膜的。他对任何瓣膜都不太熟悉,但他知道valvae是折叠门,而透过这道缝隙,一道光亮突然照来,他第一次生动地意识到人体内精妙的调节机制,这让他震惊。通识教育当然让他可以自由阅读学校经典中的不雅段落,但除了与自身内部结构相关的普遍秘密和猥亵感,他的想象力并未受影响；因此,就他所知,他的大脑装在太阳穴处的小袋子里,他从未想过要想象血液如何循环,就像从未想过纸如何代替金币一样。但天职的时刻已经到来,在他从椅子上下来之前,世界因一种预感而焕然一新--那便是无尽的过程充满了广阔的空间,而这些空间曾被那种他误认为是知识的无知所遮蔽。从那一刻起,《利德盖特》感受到知识热情的生长。

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Anatomy /əˈnætəmi/

n. 解剖学➕

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mechanism /ˈmekənɪzəm/

n. 机制,机械装置➕

🔊 We are not afraid of telling over and over again how a man comes to fall in love with a woman and be wedded to her, or else be fatally parted from her. Is it due to excess of poetry or of stupidity that we are never weary of describing what King James called a woman's "makdom and her fairnesse," never weary of listening to the twanging of the old Troubadour strings, and are comparatively uninterested in that other kind of "makdom and fairnesse" which must be wooed with industrious thought and patient renunciation of small desires? In the story of this passion, too, the development varies: sometimes it is the glorious marriage, sometimes frustration and final parting. And not seldom the catastrophe is bound up with the other passion, sung by the Troubadours. For in the multitude of middle-aged men who go about their vocations in a daily course determined for them much in the same way as the tie of their cravats, there is always a good number who once meant to shape their own deeds and alter the world a little. The story of their coming to be shapen after the average and fit to be packed by the gross, is hardly ever told even in their consciousness; for perhaps their ardor in generous unpaid toil cooled as imperceptibly as the ardor of other youthful loves, till one day their earlier self walked like a ghost in its old home and made the new furniture ghastly. Nothing in the world more subtle than the process of their gradual change! In the beginning they inhaled it unknowingly: you and I may have sent some of our breath towards infecting them, when we uttered our conforming falsities or drew our silly conclusions: or perhaps it came with the vibrations from a woman's glance.

我们不厌其烦地反复讲述一个男人如何爱上女人并与她结婚,或者最终与她痛苦分离。这是因为过度的诗意还是愚蠢,使得我们永不厌倦地描述《詹姆斯国王》所谓的女人的“美丽与优雅”,永不厌倦地倾听旧日游吟诗人的拨弦声,却相对而言对另一种“美丽与优雅”--那需要勤奋思考和耐心放弃小欲望才能追求的--不感兴趣？在这个激情的故事中,发展也各不相同:有时是荣耀的婚姻,有时是挫折和最终分离。而且,灾难往往与游吟诗人歌颂的另一种激情交织在一起。因为在那些每日按既定路线（如同领带结一般被规定好）从事职业的中年男人中,总有不少人曾打算塑造自己的行为,并稍微改变世界。他们是如何变成平庸的、可打包批发的样子的,这个故事几乎从未被他们自己意识到；也许他们为无私无偿劳动所付出的热情,如同其他年少爱情的热情一样悄然冷却,直到有一天,他们早年的自我像鬼魂一样游荡在旧宅中,使新家具显得阴森。世上没有什么比他们逐渐变化的过程更微妙了！起初,他们不知不觉地吸入它:你我都可能呼出一些气息感染他们,当我们说出符合他人的谎言,或得出愚蠢的结论时；或者,这种气息可能来自一个女人目光的震动。

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Troubadour /ˈtruːbədʊr/

n. 行吟诗人➕

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catastrophe /kəˈtæstrəfi/

n. 灾难,大祸➕

🔊 Lydgate did not mean to be one of those failures, and there was the better hope of him because his scientific interest soon took the form of a professional enthusiasm: he had a youthful belief in his bread-winning work, not to be stifled by that initiation in makeshift called his 'prentice days; and he carried to his studies in London, Edinburgh, and Paris, the conviction that the medical profession as it might be was the finest in the world; presenting the most perfect interchange between science and art; offering the most direct alliance between intellectual conquest and the social good. Lydgate's nature demanded this combination: he was an emotional creature, with a flesh-and-blood sense of fellowship which withstood all the abstractions of special study. He cared not only for "cases," but for John and Elizabeth, especially Elizabeth.

《利德盖特》不打算成为那些失败者之一,而且他有更好的希望,因为他的科学兴趣很快转化为职业热情:他对自己谋生的工作抱有青春期的信念,不会被所谓学徒期的凑合所扼杀；他带着这种信念前往《伦敦》、《爱丁堡》和《巴黎》学习,坚信医学职业（如它应有的样子）是世上最好的职业；它呈现科学与艺术之间最完美的交流；提供知识征服与社会福祉之间最直接的联系。《利德盖特》的天性需要这种结合:他是个情感丰富的人,有着血肉之躯的同胞之情,这能抵御专业研究的所有抽象概念。他不仅关心“病例”,也关心约翰和《伊丽莎白》,尤其是《伊丽莎白》。

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bread-winning /ˈbred ˌwɪnɪŋ/

adj. 养家糊口的➕

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stifled /ˈstaɪfld/

v. 压抑,遏制➕

🔊 There was another attraction in his profession: it wanted reform, and gave a man an opportunity for some indignant resolve to reject its venal decorations and other humbug, and to be the possessor of genuine though undemanded qualifications. He went to study in Paris with the determination that when he came home again he would settle in some provincial town as a general practitioner, and resist the irrational severance between medical and surgical knowledge in the interest of his own scientific pursuits, as well as of the general advance: he would keep away from the range of London intrigues, jealousies, and social truckling, and win celebrity, however slowly, as Jenner had done, by the independent value of his work. For it must be remembered that this was a dark period; and in spite of venerable colleges which used great efforts to secure purity of knowledge by making it scarce, and to exclude error by a rigid exclusiveness in relation to fees and appointments, it happened that very ignorant young gentlemen were promoted in town, and many more got a legal right to practise over large areas in the country. Also, the high standard held up to the public mind by the College of Physicians, which gave its peculiar sanction to the expensive and highly rarefied medical instruction obtained by graduates of Oxford and Cambridge, did not hinder quackery from having an excellent time of it; for since professional practice chiefly consisted in giving a great many drugs, the public inferred that it might be better off with more drugs still, if they could only be got cheaply, and hence swallowed large cubic measures of physic prescribed by unscrupulous ignorance which had taken no degrees. Considering that statistics had not yet embraced a calculation as to the number of ignorant or canting doctors which absolutely must exist in the teeth of all changes, it seemed to Lydgate that a change in the units was the most direct mode of changing the numbers. He meant to be a unit who would make a certain amount of difference towards that spreading change which would one day tell appreciably upon the averages, and in the mean time have the pleasure of making an advantageous difference to the viscera of his own patients. But he did not simply aim at a more genuine kind of practice than was common. He was ambitious of a wider effect: he was fired with the possibility that he might work out the proof of an anatomical conception and make a link in the chain of discovery.

他的职业还有另一个吸引之处:它需要改革,并给一个人机会去愤然决心拒绝其贿赂性的装饰及其他骗术,去成为虽无需求但真实资格的拥有者。他去《巴黎》学习,决心回家后定居在某个外省小镇,当一名《全科医生》,抵制内外科知识之间的不合理割裂--这既有利于他自己的科学研究,也有利于整体进步:他要远离《伦敦》的阴谋、嫉妒和社会谄媚,像《詹纳》那样,通过工作的独立价值赢得声誉,即便过程缓慢。因为必须记住,那是一个黑暗时期；尽管有可敬的学院努力通过使知识稀缺来确保其纯洁性,并通过严格的排他性（涉及费用和职位）来排除错误,但仍有非常无知的年轻绅士在城里得到提拔,更多人在乡下获得法律许可在广大区域行医。同时,《医师学院》向公众树立的高标准（它特别认可牛津和《剑桥》毕业生获得的昂贵且高度精炼的医学教育）并没有阻止江湖郎中逍遥自在；因为既然专业实践主要包括大量用药,公众推断如果有更多药物且能便宜获得,情况可能更好,于是大量吞服那些没有学位的无知之徒开出的药品。考虑到统计学尚未计算出在所有变化面前必定存在的无知或虚伪医生的数量,对《利德盖特》来说,改变单位的数量是改变总数的最直接方式。他要成为一个单位,为那种普及变化做出一定贡献--最终会明显影响平均值--同时,享受给自己的病人内脏带来有益变化的乐趣。但他并非仅仅追求比常见方式更真实的实践。他渴望更广泛的影响:他被点燃了,因为可能证明一个解剖学概念并在发现链上建立联系。

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indignant /ɪnˈdɪɡnənt/

adj. 愤慨的,愤愤不平的➕

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venal /ˈviːnəl/

adj. 贪污的,腐败的➕

🔊 Does it seem incongruous to you that a Middlemarch surgeon should dream of himself as a discoverer? Most of us, indeed, know little of the great originators until they have been lifted up among the constellations and already rule our fates. But that Herschel, for example, who "broke the barriers of the heavens"--did he not once play a provincial church-organ, and give music-lessons to stumbling pianists? Each of those Shining Ones had to walk on the earth among neighbors who perhaps thought much more of his gait and his garments than of anything which was to give him a title to everlasting fame: each of them had his little local personal history sprinkled with small temptations and sordid cares, which made the retarding friction of his course towards final companionship with the immortals. Lydgate was not blind to the dangers of such friction, but he had plenty of confidence in his resolution to avoid it as far as possible: being seven-and-twenty, he felt himself experienced. And he was not going to have his vanities provoked by contact with the showy worldly successes of the capital, but to live among people who could hold no rivalry with that pursuit of a great idea which was to be a twin object with the assiduous practice of his profession. There was fascination in the hope that the two purposes would illuminate each other: the careful observation and inference which was his daily work, the use of the lens to further his judgment in special cases, would further his thought as an instrument of larger inquiry. Was not this the typical pre-eminence of his profession? He would be a good Middlemarch doctor, and by that very means keep himself in the track of far-reaching investigation. On one point he may fairly claim approval at this particular stage of his career: he did not mean to imitate those philanthropic models who make a profit out of poisonous pickles to support themselves while they are exposing adulteration, or hold shares in a gambling-hell that they may have leisure to represent the cause of public morality. He intended to begin in his own case some particular reforms which were quite certainly within his reach, and much less of a problem than the demonstrating of an anatomical conception. One of these reforms was to act stoutly on the strength of a recent legal decision, and simply prescribe, without dispensing drugs or taking percentage from druggists. This was an innovation for one who had chosen to adopt the style of general practitioner in a country town, and would be felt as offensive criticism by his professional brethren.

你是否觉得一个《米德尔马契》的外科医生梦想成为发现者显得不协调？我们大多数人的确对伟大的创始者知之甚少,直到他们被升到星宿之间并掌管我们的命运。但那个“打破天界壁垒”的《赫歇尔》--他难道不曾弹奏乡村教堂的风琴,给笨拙的钢琴学生上音乐课吗？那些光芒万丈的人物,每一位都曾在地上行走,与邻居为伴；邻居们或许更关心他的步态和衣着,而不是那些将使他获得永恒声誉的东西:每一位都有自己零零碎碎的个人历史,夹杂着小诱惑和卑劣的忧虑,这构成了他最终与不朽者为伴途中的阻力摩擦。《利德盖特》并非对这种摩擦的危险视而不见,但他有足够信心凭借自己的决心尽可能避免它:二十七岁的他自认经验丰富。他并不打算通过与首都花哨世俗的成功接触来激起虚荣,而是生活在那些无法与他追求伟大理想竞争的人们中间--那个理想将与勤勉行医成为双重目标。希望在于,这两个目标会相互照亮:日常工作中的细致观察和推断,以及在特殊病例中使用透镜来帮助判断,将进一步推动他作为更大探索工具的思想。这难道不是他的职业所具有的典型优越性吗？他要成为一名优秀的《米德尔马契》医生,并借此保持在深远研究的轨道上。在他职业生涯的这个特定阶段,有一点他或许可以公正地获得认可:他不打算模仿那些慈善模范--他们一边揭露掺假行为,一边靠出售有毒泡菜牟利以维持生计；或者持有赌场股份,以便有闲暇代表公共道德。他打算从自身开始一些特定的改革,这些改革肯定在他的能力范围内,且远比证明一个解剖学概念简单。其中一项改革是勇敢地依据最近的一项法律裁决行事:只开处方,而不配药或从药剂师那里拿回扣。对于一个选择在外省小镇采用《全科医生》风格的人来说,这是一项创新,会被同行视为冒犯性的批评。

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incongruous /ɪnˈkɑːŋɡruəs/

adj. 不协调的,不一致的➕

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originators /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪtərz/

n. 创始人,发起人➕

🔊 But Lydgate meant to innovate in his treatment also, and he was wise enough to see that the best security for his practising honestly according to his belief was to get rid of systematic temptations to the contrary.

但《利德盖特》也打算在治疗上创新,而且他足够明智地看到,确保他根据自己的信念诚实行医的最佳方式是摆脱系统性诱惑的反面。

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innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt/

v. 创新,革新➕

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temptations /tempˈteɪʃənz/

n. 诱惑,引诱➕

🔊 Perhaps that was a more cheerful time for observers and theorizers than the present; we are apt to think it the finest era of the world when America was beginning to be discovered, when a bold sailor, even if he were wrecked, might alight on a new kingdom; and about 1829 the dark territories of Pathology were a fine America for a spirited young adventurer. Lydgate was ambitious above all to contribute towards enlarging the scientific, rational basis of his profession. The more he became interested in special questions of disease, such as the nature of fever or fevers, the more keenly he felt the need for that fundamental knowledge of structure which just at the beginning of the century had been illuminated by the brief and glorious career of Bichat, who died when he was only one-and-thirty, but, like another Alexander, left a realm large enough for many heirs. That great Frenchman first carried out the conception that living bodies, fundamentally considered, are not associations of organs which can be understood by studying them first apart, and then as it were federally; but must be regarded as consisting of certain primary webs or tissues, out of which the various organs--brain, heart, lungs, and so on--are compacted, as the various accommodations of a house are built up in various proportions of wood, iron, stone, brick, zinc, and the rest, each material having its peculiar composition and proportions. No man, one sees, can understand and estimate the entire structure or its parts-what are its frailties and what its repairs, without knowing the nature of the materials. And the conception wrought out by Bichat, with his detailed study of the different tissues, acted necessarily on medical questions as the turning of gas-light would act on a dim, oil-lit street, showing new connections and hitherto hidden facts of structure which must be taken into account in considering the symptoms of maladies and the action of medicaments. But results which depend on human conscience and intelligence work slowly, and now at the end of 1829, most medical practice was still strutting or shambling along the old paths, and there was still scientific work to be done which might have seemed to be a direct sequence of Bichat's. This great seer did not go beyond the consideration of the tissues as ultimate facts in the living organism, marking the limit of anatomical analysis; but it was open to another mind to say, have not these structures some common basis from which they have all started, as your sarsnet, gauze, net, satin, and velvet from the raw cocoon? Here would be another light, as of oxy-hydrogen, showing the very grain of things, and revising all former explanations.

也许那对观察家和理论家来说是比现在更令人愉快的时代；我们往往认为世界上最好的时代是美洲开始被发现的时候--那时一个勇敢的水手,即使遇难,也可能降落在新王国上；而大约1829年,病理学的黑暗领域对一位意气风发的年轻冒险家来说就是一片美好的美洲。《利德盖特》的抱负首先是为扩大其职业的科学理性基础做出贡献。他越是对疾病的具体问题（如发热或各种发热的性质）感兴趣,就越强烈地感到需要对结构有基本了解--这种了解正是在本世纪初被《比沙》短暂而辉煌的职业生涯所照亮的；他去世时年仅三十一岁,但像另一位亚历山大一样,留下了一个足够许多继承人的广阔王国。那位伟大的法国人首先实现了这一概念:从根本上说,活体器官不是可以通过先分开研究,然后就像联邦那样理解的器官集合；而必须被视为由某些原始网或组织构成,各种器官--脑、心、肺等--由这些网或组织组合而成,就像一所房子的各种设施用不同比例的木材、铁、石、砖、锌等建造,每种材料有其特定的成分和比例。人们可见,不了解材料的性质,就无法理解并评估整个结构或其各部分--哪些是弱点,哪些需要修复。而《比沙》通过他对不同组织的详细研究提出的概念,必然对医学问题产生影响,就如同煤气灯对一条昏暗的油灯街的影响一样,显示出新的联系和迄今隐藏的结构事实,这些在考虑疾病症状和药物作用时必须加以考虑。但依赖于人类良知和智慧的结果进展缓慢,如今到了1829年底,大多数医疗实践仍在旧路上昂首阔步或蹒跚而行,仍有科学工作要做,那似乎是《比沙》的直接延续。这位伟大的先知没有超越将组织视为有机体的终极事实,标志着解剖分析的极限；但另一个头脑可能会说,这些结构是否有某种共同基础,它们都从那里出发,就像你的纱罗、薄纱、网纱、缎子和天鹅绒来自原始蚕茧？这将带来另一道光,如同氢氧化光,展示事物的纹理,并修正所有先前的解释。

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Pathology /pəˈθɑːlədʒi/

n. 病理学➕

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tissues /ˈtɪʃuːz/

n. 组织（生物）➕

🔊 Of this sequence to Bichat's work, already vibrating along many currents of the European mind, Lydgate was enamoured; he longed to demonstrate the more intimate relations of living structure, and help to define men's thought more accurately after the true order. The work had not yet been done, but only prepared for those who knew how to use the preparation. What was the primitive tissue? In that way Lydgate put the question--not quite in the way required by the awaiting answer; but such missing of the right word befalls many seekers. And he counted on quiet intervals to be watchfully seized, for taking up the threads of investigation-on many hints to be won from diligent application, not only of the scalpel, but of the microscope, which research had begun to use again with new enthusiasm of reliance. Such was Lydgate's plan of his future: to do good small work for Middlemarch, and great work for the world.

对于《比沙》工作的这种延续--已经在欧洲思想的多股潮流中振动--《利德盖特》心醉神迷；他渴望展示活结构的更密切关系,并帮助更准确地按真实秩序定义人类思想。这项工作尚未完成,只是为那些知道如何利用准备的人做好了准备。原始组织是什么？《利德盖特》以这种方式提出问题--并不完全符合等待答案所要求的方式；但许多探寻者都会错过正确的措辞。他指望在安静的时刻（要警觉地抓住）来拾起调查的线索--指望通过勤奋应用（不仅是解剖刀,还有《显微镜》,研究界已怀着新的热情重新使用它）获得许多提示。这就是《利德盖特》的未来规划:为《米德尔马契》做好小工作,为世界做好大工作。

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enamoured /ɪˈnæmərd/

adj. 迷恋的,倾心的➕

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scalpel /ˈskælpəl/

n. 手术刀➕

🔊 He was certainly a happy fellow at this time: to be seven-and-twenty, without any fixed vices, with a generous resolution that his action should be beneficent, and with ideas in his brain that made life interesting quite apart from the cultus of horseflesh and other mystic rites of costly observance, which the eight hundred pounds left him after buying his practice would certainly not have gone far in paying for. He was at a starting-point which makes many a man's career a fine subject for betting, if there were any gentlemen given to that amusement who could appreciate the complicated probabilities of an arduous purpose, with all the possible thwartings and furtherings of circumstance, all the niceties of inward balance, by which a man swims and makes his point or else is carried headlong. The risk would remain even with close knowledge of Lydgate's character; for character too is a process and an unfolding. The man was still in the making, as much as the Middlemarch doctor and immortal discoverer, and there were both virtues and faults capable of shrinking or expanding. The faults will not, I hope, be a reason for the withdrawal of your interest in him. Among our valued friends is there not some one or other who is a little too self-confident and disdainful; whose distinguished mind is a little spotted with commonness; who is a little pinched here and protuberant there with native prejudices; or whose better energies are liable to lapse down the wrong channel under the influence of transient solicitations? All these things might be alleged against Lydgate, but then, they are the periphrases of a polite preacher, who talks of Adam, and would not like to mention anything painful to the pew-renters. The particular faults from which these delicate generalities are distilled have distinguishable physiognomies, diction, accent, and grimaces; filling up parts in very various dramas. Our vanities differ as our noses do: all conceit is not the same conceit, but varies in correspondence with the minutiae of mental make in which one of us differs from another. Lydgate's conceit was of the arrogant sort, never simpering, never impertinent, but massive in its claims and benevolently contemptuous. He would do a great deal for noodles, being sorry for them, and feeling quite sure that they could have no power over him: he had thought of joining the Saint Simonians when he was in Paris, in order to turn them against some of their own doctrines. All his faults were marked by kindred traits, and were those of a man who had a fine baritone, whose clothes hung well upon him, and who even in his ordinary gestures had an air of inbred distinction. Where then lay the spots of commonness? says a young lady enamoured of that careless grace.

此时此刻他当然是个幸福的小伙子:二十七岁,没有固定的恶习,怀有慷慨的决心要让自己的行动有益,脑中充满想法--这些想法让生活变得有趣,完全不同于对马肉和其他昂贵神秘仪式的崇拜（他购买诊所后剩下的八百英镑肯定不够支付这些）。他处于一个起点,这个起点使许多人的事业成为下注的好题材--如果有绅士们喜欢那种消遣,并能欣赏一个艰巨目标复杂的可能性,以及环境中一切可能的阻挠和促进,还有内在平衡的种种微妙之处--通过它们,一个人游泳并到达目的地,或者被冲走。即使对《利德盖特》的性格有深入了解,风险仍然存在；因为性格也是一个过程,一个展开。这个人仍在形成之中,就像《米德尔马契》的医生和永垂不朽的发现者一样,美德和缺点都可能缩小或膨胀。我希望,缺点不会成为你对他失去兴趣的理由。在我们珍视的朋友中,难道不是总有一两个有点过于自信和傲慢吗？他们出众的头脑里是不是有点平庸的瑕疵？是不是在这里有点狭隘,在那里有点膨胀（带着天生的偏见）？或者他们更好的精力在短暂诱惑的影响下容易滑向错误的渠道？所有这些都可以用来指控《利德盖特》,但这些都是礼貌布道者的迂回说法--他们谈论亚当,不愿提及任何会让长椅租赁者痛苦的事。这些微妙概括所蒸馏出的具体缺陷,有其可辨识的面貌、措辞、口音和鬼脸；在各种各样的戏剧中扮演角色。我们的虚荣心如同鼻子:并非所有自负都相同,而是与每个人精神构造的细微差别相对应。《利德盖特》的自负是傲慢的那一种:从不傻笑,从不无礼,但其要求庞大,且带着善意的蔑视。他会为傻瓜做很多事,为他们感到遗憾,并确信他们无法对他施加影响:他在《巴黎》时曾想过加入《圣西门主义者》,以便反对他们的一些教义。他所有的缺点都有类似的特性,而且是一个拥有优美男中音、衣着得体、即使普通姿态也透露出天生优雅的人的缺点。那么,这位爱上他那种漫不经心风度的年轻女士问,平凡之处在哪里呢？

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beneficent /bɪˈnɛfɪsənt/

adj. 仁慈的,慈善的➕

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disdainful /dɪsˈdeɪnfəl/

adj. 轻蔑的,鄙视的➕

🔊 How could there be any commonness in a man so well-bred, so ambitious of social distinction, so generous and unusual in his views of social duty? As easily as there may be stupidity in a man of genius if you take him unawares on the wrong subject, or as many a man who has the best will to advance the social millennium might be ill-inspired in imagining its lighter pleasures; unable to go beyond Offenbach's music, or the brilliant punning in the last burlesque. Lydgate's spots of commonness lay in the complexion of his prejudices, which, in spite of noble intention and sympathy, were half of them such as are found in ordinary men of the world: that distinction of mind which belonged to his intellectual ardor, did not penetrate his feeling and judgment about furniture, or women, or the desirability of its being known (without his telling) that he was better born than other country surgeons. He did not mean to think of furniture at present; but whenever he did so it was to be feared that neither biology nor schemes of reform would lift him above the vulgarity of feeling that there would be an incompatibility in his furniture not being of the best.

一个如此教养良好、如此渴望社会地位、对社会责任看法如此慷慨而不同寻常的男人,怎么能有任何平凡之处呢？正如一个天才男人可能在你出其不意地讨论错误话题时显得愚蠢,或者许多最有愿望推进社会大同的人可能在想象其轻松乐趣时灵感不佳；无法超越《奥芬巴赫》的音乐,或最近滑稽戏中的精彩双关。《利德盖特》的平凡之处在于他偏见的底色--尽管他有崇高的意图和同情心,这些偏见有一半是普通世俗之人的偏见:那种属于他知识热情的精神卓越,并未渗透到他对家具、女人或别人知道他（不用他说）出身比别的乡村外科医生更高贵的欲望的感受和判断中。他现在不打算考虑家具；但一旦他考虑,恐怕无论是生物学还是改革计划,都无法使他超越那种庸俗的感觉--即他的家具如果不是最好的,就会不协调。

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millennium /mɪˈlɛniəm/

n. 千年,千禧年➕

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vulgarity /vʌlˈɡærəti/

n. 粗俗,庸俗➕

🔊 As to women, he had once already been drawn headlong by impetuous folly, which he meant to be final, since marriage at some distant period would of course not be impetuous. For those who want to be acquainted with Lydgate it will be good to know what was that case of impetuous folly, for it may stand as an example of the fitful swerving of passion to which he was prone, together with the chivalrous kindness which helped to make him morally lovable. The story can be told without many words. It happened when he was studying in Paris, and just at the time when, over and above his other work, he was occupied with some galvanic experiments. One evening, tired with his experimenting, and not being able to elicit the facts he needed, he left his frogs and rabbits to some repose under their trying and mysterious dispensation of unexplained shocks, and went to finish his evening at the theatre of the Porte Saint Martin, where there was a melodrama which he had already seen several times; attracted, not by the ingenious work of the collaborating authors, but by an actress whose part it was to stab her lover, mistaking him for the evil-designing duke of the piece. Lydgate was in love with this actress, as a man is in love with a woman whom he never expects to speak to. She was a Provencale, with dark eyes, a Greek profile, and rounded majestic form, having that sort of beauty which carries a sweet matronliness even in youth, and her voice was a soft cooing. She had but lately come to Paris, and bore a virtuous reputation, her husband acting with her as the unfortunate lover. It was her acting which was "no better than it should be," but the public was satisfied. Lydgate's only relaxation now was to go and look at this woman, just as he might have thrown himself under the breath of the sweet south on a bank of violets for a while, without prejudice to his galvanism, to which he would presently return. But this evening the old drama had a new catastrophe. At the moment when the heroine was to act the stabbing of her lover, and he was to fall gracefully, the wife veritably stabbed her husband, who fell as death willed. A wild shriek pierced the house, and the Provencale fell swooning: a shriek and a swoon were demanded by the play, but the swooning too was real this time. Lydgate leaped and climbed, he hardly knew how, on to the stage, and was active in help, making the acquaintance of his heroine by finding a contusion on her head and lifting her gently in his arms. Paris rang with the story of this death:--was it a murder? Some of the actress's warmest admirers were inclined to believe in her guilt, and liked her the better for it (such was the taste of those times); but Lydgate was not one of these.

至于女人,他曾经一度被冲动的愚蠢所吸引,他打算让它成为最后一次,因为遥远未来的婚姻当然不会是冲动的。对于那些想了解《利德盖特》的人来说,知道那次冲动的愚蠢事件是好的,因为它可能作为他容易产生激情摇摆的例子,同时他骑士般的善良也有助于使他从道德上可爱。这个故事可以用几句话讲完。那发生在他《巴黎》学习期间,恰好在其他工作之外,他还忙于一些电学实验。一天晚上,他因实验而疲惫,又无法得出所需的事实,便将他的青蛙和兔子留在那令人费解的、神秘分配的未解释电击之下休息,然后去《圣马丁门剧院》看完晚上演出--那里的情节剧他已经看过几次；吸引他的并非两位合作作者的精巧作品,而是一位女演员,她的角色是刺死她的情人,误以为他是剧中那个心怀不轨的公爵。《利德盖特》爱上了这位女演员,如同男人爱上一个他从未期望与之交谈的女人。她是普罗旺斯人,黑眼睛,希腊式侧影,圆润庄严的身材,拥有那种即使在年轻时也带着甜美主妇之美的美貌；她的声音轻柔如咕咕声。她最近刚来《巴黎》,名声清白,她的丈夫与她同台演出,扮演那个不幸的情人。是她的演技“不尽人意”,但观众满意。《利德盖特》现在唯一的消遣就是去看这个女人,就像他可能在紫罗兰丛中暂时享受南风的气息一样,而不影响他稍后回去继续的《电疗》。但今晚,旧戏有了新的灾难。当女主人公要刺死她的情人、而后者要优雅倒下时,妻子真的刺中了她的丈夫,他如命运所愿倒下。一声狂叫穿透了剧院,普罗旺斯女人昏倒了:剧本要求尖叫和昏倒,但这次昏倒也是真的。《利德盖特》跳起来,几乎不知道自己是如何爬到舞台上的,积极参与救援,发现他的女主人公头上有一处挫伤,并将她轻轻抱在怀里,从而结识了她。《巴黎》到处流传着这次死亡的故事:难道是谋杀？女演员的一些最热切崇拜者倾向于相信她有罪,并因此更喜欢她（这就是当时的品味）；但《利德盖特》不是其中之一。

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impetuous /ɪmˈpetʃuəs/

adj. 冲动的,鲁莽的➕

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folly /ˈfɑːli/

n. 愚蠢,愚行➕

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acquainted /əˈkweɪntɪd/

adj. 熟悉的,了解的➕

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fitful /ˈfɪtfəl/

adj. 断断续续的,间歇的➕

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swerving /ˈswɜːrvɪŋ/

n. 转向,偏离➕

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prone /proʊn/

adj. 易于……的,有……倾向的➕

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chivalrous /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/

adj. 有骑士风度的,侠义的➕

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morally /ˈmɔːrəli/

adv. 道德上,道义上➕

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lovable /ˈlʌvəbəl/

adj. 可爱的,讨人喜欢的➕

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galvanic /ɡælˈvænɪk/

adj. 电流的；令人震惊的➕

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elicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

v. 引出,诱出➕

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dispensation /ˌdɪspənˈseɪʃən/

n. 分配；安排；豁免➕

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melodrama /ˈmeləˌdrɑːmə/

n. 情节剧,通俗剧➕

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ingenious /ɪnˈdʒiːnjəs/

adj. 巧妙的,足智多谋的➕

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collaborating /kəˈlæbəˌreɪtɪŋ/

adj. 合作的,协作的➕

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stab /stæb/

v. 刺,戳➕

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mistaking /mɪˈsteɪkɪŋ/

v. 误以为,弄错➕

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evil-designing /ˈiːvəl dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ/

adj. 恶毒计划的,心怀不轨的➕

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profile /ˈproʊfaɪl/

n. 侧面轮廓；简介➕

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rounded /ˈraʊndɪd/

adj. 圆润的,丰满的➕

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majestic /məˈdʒestɪk/

adj. 雄伟的,庄严的➕

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matronliness /ˈmeɪtrənlɪnəs/

n. 主妇气质,成熟风韵➕

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cooing /ˈkuːɪŋ/

adj. 咕咕叫的,柔声低语的➕

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virtuous /ˈvɜːrtʃuəs/

adj. 品行端正的,有道德的➕

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reputation /ˌrepjʊˈteɪʃən/

n. 名声,声誉➕

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unfortunate /ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənɪt/

adj. 不幸的,令人遗憾的➕

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relaxation /ˌriːlækˈseɪʃən/

n. 放松,消遣➕

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prejudice /ˈpredʒʊdɪs/

n. 偏见,成见➕

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heroine /ˈherəʊɪn/

n. 女英雄,女主角➕

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veritably /ˈverɪtəbli/

adv. 真实地,确实地➕

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shriek /ʃriːk/

n. 尖叫,尖叫声➕

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pierced /pɪrst/

v. 刺穿,穿过➕

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swooning /ˈswuːnɪŋ/

adj. 昏厥的,晕倒的➕

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swoon /swuːn/

n. 昏厥,晕倒➕

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contusion /kənˈtuːʒən/

n. 挫伤,撞伤➕

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murder /ˈmɜːrdər/

n. 谋杀➕

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admirers /ədˈmaɪrərz/

n. 仰慕者,崇拜者➕

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guilt /ɡɪlt/

n. 罪行,内疚➕

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headlong /ˈhedlɔːŋ/

adv. 轻率地,猛烈地➕

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acquaintance /əˈkweɪntəns/

n. 相识,熟人➕

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stabbing /ˈstæbɪŋ/

n. 刺,刺杀➕

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stabbed /stæbd/

v. 刺（stab的过去式）➕

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willed /wɪld/

v. 注定；用意志力驱使（will的过去式）➕

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inclined /ɪnˈklaɪnd/

adj. 倾向于……的➕

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unexplained /ˌʌnɪkˈspleɪnd/

adj. 未经解释的,不明的➕

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repose /rɪˈpoʊz/

n. 休息,安宁➕

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galvanism /ˈɡælvənɪzəm/

n. 电疗,流电学➕

🔊 He vehemently contended for her innocence, and the remote impersonal passion for her beauty which he had felt before, had passed now into personal devotion, and tender thought of her lot. The notion of murder was absurd: no motive was discoverable, the young couple being understood to dote on each other; and it was not unprecedented that an accidental slip of the foot should have brought these grave consequences. The legal investigation ended in Madame Laure's release. Lydgate by this time had had many interviews with her, and found her more and more adorable. She talked little; but that was an additional charm. She was melancholy, and seemed grateful; her presence was enough, like that of the evening light. Lydgate was madly anxious about her affection, and jealous lest any other man than himself should win it and ask her to marry him. But instead of reopening her engagement at the Porte Saint Martin, where she would have been all the more popular for the fatal episode, she left Paris without warning, forsaking her little court of admirers. Perhaps no one carried inquiry far except Lydgate, who felt that all science had come to a stand-still while he imagined the unhappy Laure, stricken by ever-wandering sorrow, herself wandering, and finding no faithful comforter. Hidden actresses, however, are not so difficult to find as some other hidden facts, and it was not long before Lydgate gathered indications that Laure had taken the route to Lyons. He found her at last acting with great success at Avignon under the same name, looking more majestic than ever as a forsaken wife carrying her child in her arms. He spoke to her after the play, was received with the usual quietude which seemed to him beautiful as clear depths of water, and obtained leave to visit her the next day; when he was bent on telling her that he adored her, and on asking her to marry him. He knew that this was like the sudden impulse of a madman--incongruous even with his habitual foibles. No matter! It was the one thing which he was resolved to do. He had two selves within him apparently, and they must learn to accommodate each other and bear reciprocal impediments. Strange, that some of us, with quick alternate vision, see beyond our infatuations, and even while we rave on the heights, behold the wide plain where our persistent self pauses and awaits us.

他激烈地为她的清白辩护,而他先前对她美貌那种遥远的、非个人的激情,现在已转变为个人的奉献和对她命运的温柔关怀。谋杀的念头是荒谬的:找不到动机--众所周知这对年轻夫妇彼此深爱；而且,脚下一滑导致如此严重后果也并非没有先例。法律调查以洛尔夫人的释放告终。此时《利德盖特》已经与她多次会面,觉得她越来越可爱。她话不多,但那是一种额外的魅力。她忧郁,似乎感激；她的存在本身,就像黄昏的光线一样。《利德盖特》疯狂地担心她的感情,嫉妒别人（而不是他）赢得它并求婚。但她没有在《圣马丁门剧院》重新签约（在那里她因这一致命事件反而会更受欢迎）,而是没有警告就离开了《巴黎》,抛弃了她小小的崇拜者圈子。也许除了《利德盖特》,没有人深入调查；他觉得所有科学都停滞了,因为他想象着不幸的洛尔,被永恒漂泊的悲伤所打击,她自己也在漂泊,找不到忠实的安慰者。然而,隐藏的女演员并不像其他一些隐藏的事实那样难找；不久之后,《利德盖特》就得到线索,洛尔已经踏上了去《里昂》的路。他最终在《阿维尼翁》找到了她,她以同样的名字在那里演出大获成功,比以往更加庄严,像一个被抛弃的妻子,怀里抱着孩子。演出结束后他对她说话,得到了他看来像清澈深水般美丽的惯常平静,并获准第二天拜访她；他决心告诉她,他崇拜她,并请求她嫁给他。他知道这像一个疯子的突然冲动--甚至与他惯常的怪癖不符。没关系！这是他决心要做的一件事。他内心显然有两个自我,他们必须学会互相适应,并承受彼此的阻碍。奇怪的是,我们有些人用快速交替的视野,能看穿自己的迷恋,甚至在狂热地处于高峰时,也能看到那片广阔的平原,我们持久的自我在那里停下来等待我们。

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vehemently /ˈviːəməntli/

adv. 猛烈地,激烈地➕

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contended /kənˈtendɪd/

v. 争论,主张（content的过去式）➕

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innocence /ˈɪnəsəns/

n. 无辜,清白➕

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remote /rɪˈmoʊt/

adj. 遥远的,偏僻的➕

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impersonal /ɪmˈpɜːrsənl/

adj. 非个人的,客观的➕

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passion /ˈpæʃən/

n. 激情,热爱➕

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devotion /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

n. 奉献,虔诚➕

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notion /ˈnoʊʃən/

n. 概念,想法➕

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absurd /əbˈsɜːrd/

adj. 荒谬的,可笑的➕

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motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/

n. 动机➕

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discoverable /dɪˈskʌvərəbəl/

adj. 可发现的➕

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dote /doʊt/

v. 溺爱,宠爱➕

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unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/

adj. 史无前例的,空前的➕

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accidental /ˌæksɪˈdentl/

adj. 意外的,偶然的➕

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grave /ɡreɪv/

adj. 严重的,严肃的➕

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consequences /ˈkɑːnsɪkwensɪz/

n. 后果（复数）➕

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legal /ˈliːɡəl/

adj. 法律的,合法的➕

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investigation /ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃən/

n. 调查➕

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release /rɪˈliːs/

n. 释放,发布➕

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interviews /ˈɪntərvjuːz/

n. 面试,访谈（复数）➕

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adorable /əˈdɔːrəbəl/

adj. 可爱的,迷人的➕

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additional /əˈdɪʃənl/

adj. 额外的,附加的➕

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charm /tʃɑːrm/

n. 魅力,吸引力➕

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melancholy /ˈmelənkɑːli/

adj. 忧郁的,悲伤的➕

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grateful /ˈɡreɪtfəl/

adj. 感激的➕

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presence /ˈprezəns/

n. 存在,在场➕

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madly /ˈmædli/

adv. 疯狂地,极其➕

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anxious /ˈæŋkʃəs/

adj. 焦虑的,渴望的➕

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affection /əˈfekʃən/

n. 感情,喜爱➕

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jealous /ˈdʒeləs/

adj. 嫉妒的,吃醋的➕

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lest /lest/

conj. 唯恐,免得➕

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reopening /ˌriːˈoʊpənɪŋ/

v. 重新开始,重新开放（reopen的动名词）➕

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engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

n. 订婚；约定；参与➕

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fatal /ˈfeɪtl/

adj. 致命的,灾难性的➕

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episode /ˈepɪsoʊd/

n. 事件,一集➕

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forsaking /fɔːrˈseɪkɪŋ/

v. 抛弃,离弃（forsake的现在分词）➕

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inquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪri/

n. 调查,询问➕

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stand-still /ˈstænd stɪl/

n. 停止,停滞➕

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imagined /ɪˈmædʒɪnd/

v. 想象（imagine的过去分词）➕

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stricken /ˈstrɪkən/

adj. 受打击的,遇难的➕

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ever-wandering /ˈevər ˈwɒndərɪŋ/

adj. 永远漂泊的➕

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sorrow /ˈsɔːroʊ/

n. 悲伤,悲痛➕

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wandering /ˈwɒndərɪŋ/

adj. 流浪的,漫游的➕

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faithful /ˈfeɪθfəl/

adj. 忠诚的,忠实的➕

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comforter /ˈkʌmfərtər/

n. 安慰者➕

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indications /ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃənz/

n. 迹象,指示（复数）➕

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route /ruːt/

n. 路线,路径➕

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success /səkˈses/

n. 成功➕

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forsaken /fɔːrˈseɪkən/

adj. 被抛弃的,孤独的➕

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quietude /ˈkwaɪɪtjuːd/

n. 平静,安宁➕

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depths /depθs/

n. 深处,深度（复数）➕

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obtained /əbˈteɪnd/

v. 获得（obtain的过去分词）➕

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bent /bent/

adj. 决心的,弯曲的（be bent on 决心做）➕

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adored /əˈdɔːrd/

v. 崇拜,爱慕（adore的过去式）➕

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impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/

n. 冲动,冲动➕

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madman /ˈmædmən/

n. 疯子,精神失常的人➕

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habitual /həˈbɪtʃuəl/

adj. 习惯的,惯常的➕

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foibles /ˈfɔɪbəlz/

n. 小缺点,小毛病（复数）➕

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resolved /rɪˈzɒlvd/

adj. 下定决心的➕

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accommodate /əˈkɒmədeɪt/

v. 容纳,适应,调和➕

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reciprocal /rɪˈsɪprəkəl/

adj. 相互的,互惠的➕

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impediments /ɪmˈpedɪmənts/

n. 障碍,阻碍（复数）➕

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alternate /ɔːlˈtɜːrnɪt/

adj. 交替的,轮流的➕

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vision /ˈvɪʒən/

n. 视野,视力,愿景➕

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infatuations /ɪnˌfætʃuˈeɪʃənz/

n. 迷恋,沉醉（复数）➕

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rave /reɪv/

v. 咆哮,胡言乱语；狂赞➕

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behold /bɪˈhoʊld/

v. 看见,注视（正式）➕

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persistent /pərˈsɪstənt/

adj. 坚持不懈的,持久的➕

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pauses /ˈpɔːzɪz/

v. 停顿（pause的第三人称单数）➕

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awaits /əˈweɪts/

v. 等候,期待（await的第三人称单数）➕

🔊 To have approached Laure with any suit that was not reverentially tender would have been simply a contradiction of his whole feeling towards her.

要用任何不是充满崇敬温柔的求爱方式接近洛尔,只会与他对她的一切感受相矛盾。

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suit /suːt/

n. 求爱,请求；诉讼；套装➕

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reverentially /ˌrevəˈrenʃəli/

adv. 充满敬意地➕

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contradiction /ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkʃən/

n. 矛盾,冲突➕

🔊 "You have come all the way from Paris to find me?" she said to him the next day, sitting before him with folded arms, and looking at him with eyes that seemed to wonder as an untamed ruminating animal wonders. "Are all Englishmen like that?"

“你从《巴黎》一路赶来是为了找我？”第二天她对他说,双臂交叉坐在他面前,用那种似乎像未驯服的反刍动物一样惊讶的眼神看着他。“所有英国人都这样吗？”

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folded /ˈfoʊldɪd/

adj. 折叠的,交叉的➕

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untamed /ʌnˈteɪmd/

adj. 未驯服的,野性的➕

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ruminating /ˈruːmɪneɪtɪŋ/

adj. 反刍的；沉思的➕

🔊 "I came because I could not live without trying to see you. You are lonely; I love you; I want you to consent to be my wife; I will wait, but I want you to promise that you will marry me--no one else."

“我来是因为我活不下去,除非试图见你。你孤独；我爱你；我希望你同意做我的妻子；我会等待,但我希望你答应嫁给我--只嫁给我,不嫁别人。”

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consent /kənˈsent/

v. 同意,允许➕

🔊 Laure looked at him in silence with a melancholy radiance from under her grand eyelids, until he was full of rapturous certainty, and knelt close to her knees.

洛尔沉默地看着他,从她那巨大的眼睑下露出忧郁的光芒,直到他充满狂喜的确定,跪倒在她膝边。

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radiance /ˈreɪdiəns/

n. 光辉,光彩➕

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grand /ɡrænd/

adj. 宏伟的,壮丽的➕

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rapturous /ˈræptʃərəs/

adj. 欣喜若狂的,狂喜的➕

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certainty /ˈsɜːrtnti/

n. 确定,必然的事➕

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knelt /nelt/

v. 跪下（kneel的过去式）➕

🔊 "I will tell you something," she said, in her cooing way, keeping her arms folded. "My foot really slipped."

“我要告诉你一件事,”她用她那咕咕的声音说,双臂交叉着。“我的脚确实滑了一下。”

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slipped /slɪpt/

v. 滑倒,滑落（slip的过去式）➕

🔊 "I know, I know," said Lydgate, deprecatingly. "It was a fatal accident--a dreadful stroke of calamity that bound me to you the more."

“我知道,我知道,”《利德盖特》恳求地说。“那是一场致命事故--可怕的打击,反而让我更离不开你了。”

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deprecatingly /ˈdeprɪkeɪtɪŋli/

adv. 不以为然地,反对地➕

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dreadful /ˈdredfəl/

adj. 可怕的,极坏的➕

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stroke /stroʊk/

n. 一击；中风；笔触➕

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calamity /kəˈlæmɪti/

n. 灾难,不幸事件➕

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bound /baʊnd/

v. 束缚,约束（bind的过去分词）➕

🔊 Again Laure paused a little and then said, slowly, "I meant to do it."

洛尔又停顿了一下,然后慢慢说道:“我是故意的。”

🔊 Lydgate, strong man as he was, turned pale and trembled: moments seemed to pass before he rose and stood at a distance from her.

《利德盖特》虽是个强壮的人,却脸色苍白,颤抖起来；过了片刻,他才站起身,和她保持距离。

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trembled /ˈtrembəld/

v. 颤抖,发抖（tremble的过去式）➕

🔊 "There was a secret, then," he said at last, even vehemently. "He was brutal to you: you hated him."

“那么,有秘密,”他终于说道,甚至激烈起来。“他虐待你:你恨他。”

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brutal /ˈbruːtl/

adj. 残忍的,野蛮的➕

🔊 "No! he wearied me; he was too fond: he would live in Paris, and not in my country; that was not agreeable to me."

“不！他让我厌倦；他太爱我了:他宁愿住在《巴黎》,而不是我的国家；那不合我意。”

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wearied /ˈwɪrid/

v. 使疲倦,厌倦（weary的过去式）➕

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agreeable /əˈɡriːəbəl/

adj. 令人愉快的,同意的➕

🔊 "Great God!" said Lydgate, in a groan of horror. "And you planned to murder him?"

“天哪！”《利德盖特》带着恐惧的呻吟说。“你计划谋杀他？”

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groan /ɡroʊn/

n. 呻吟,叹息➕

🔊 "I did not plan: it came to me in the play--I meant to do it."

“我没有计划:那是在戏中想到的--我是故意的。”

🔊 Lydgate stood mute, and unconsciously pressed his hat on while he looked at her. He saw this woman--the first to whom he had given his young adoration--amid the throng of stupid criminals.

《利德盖特》沉默地站着,下意识地压了压帽子,同时看着她。他看到了这个女人--第一个他付出年轻崇拜的女人--置身于一群愚蠢的罪犯之中。

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mute /mjuːt/

adj. 缄默的,无声的➕

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unconsciously /ʌnˈkɑːnʃəsli/

adv. 无意识地,不自觉地➕

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adoration /ˌædəˈreɪʃən/

n. 崇拜,爱慕➕

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amid /əˈmɪd/

prep. 在……之中,在……的包围中➕

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throng /θrɔːŋ/

n. 一大群人,人群➕

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criminals /ˈkrɪmɪnəlz/

n. 罪犯（复数）➕

🔊 "You are a good young man," she said. "But I do not like husbands. I will never have another."

“你是个好青年,”她说。“但我不喜欢丈夫。我永远不会再有另一个。”

🔊 Three days afterwards Lydgate was at his galvanism again in his Paris chambers, believing that illusions were at an end for him. He was saved from hardening effects by the abundant kindness of his heart and his belief that human life might be made better. But he had more reason than ever for trusting his judgment, now that it was so experienced; and henceforth he would take a strictly scientific view of woman, entertaining no expectations but such as were justified beforehand.

三天后,《利德盖特》又回到他在《巴黎》的房间,继续他的《电疗》,相信幻觉对他已经结束。他心中丰富的善良和人类生活可以变得更好的信念使他免于变得冷酷。但他现在比以往更有理由相信自己的判断,因为它已经如此有经验；从此,他将对女人采取严格科学的态度,除了事先已证明合理的期望之外,不抱任何期待。

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afterwards /ˈɑːftərwərdz/

adv. 后来,以后➕

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illusions /ɪˈluːʒənz/

n. 幻想,错觉➕

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hardening /ˈhɑːrdənɪŋ/

n. 硬化；变得坚强或冷酷的过程➕

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abundant /əˈbʌndənt/

adj. 丰富的,充裕的➕

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henceforth /ˌhensˈfɔːrθ/

adv. 今后,从此以后➕

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strictly /ˈstrɪktli/

adv. 严格地；完全地➕

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scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

adj. 科学的➕

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expectations /ˌekspekˈteɪʃənz/

n. 期望,预期➕

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justified /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd/

adj. 合理的,有正当理由的➕

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beforehand /bɪˈfɔːrhænd/

adv. 事先,预先➕

🔊 No one in Middlemarch was likely to have such a notion of Lydgate's past as has here been faintly shadowed, and indeed the respectable townsfolk there were not more given than mortals generally to any eager attempt at exactness in the representation to themselves of what did not come under their own senses.

在《米德尔马契》,没有人可能对《利德盖特》的过去有这样的概念--就像这里隐约暗示的那样；事实上,那里可敬的市民们并不比一般人更热衷于精确地想象他们感官之外的东西。

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faintly /ˈfeɪntli/

adv. 微弱地,隐约地➕

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shadowed /ˈʃædoʊd/

adj. 有阴影的；被跟踪的；隐约呈现的➕

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respectable /rɪˈspektəbəl/

adj. 可敬的,体面的；相当好的➕

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townsfolk /ˈtaʊnzfoʊk/

n. 城镇居民➕

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mortals /ˈmɔːrtəlz/

n. 凡人,普通人➕

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exactness /ɪɡˈzæktnəs/

n. 精确性,准确➕

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representation /ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃən/

n. 代表；表现；描述➕

🔊 Not only young virgins of that town, but gray-bearded men also, were often in haste to conjecture how a new acquaintance might be wrought into their purposes, contented with very vague knowledge as to the way in which life had been shaping him for that instrumentality. Middlemarch, in fact, counted on swallowing Lydgate and assimilating him very comfortably.

不仅该镇的年轻少女,连灰胡子男人也常常急于推测新相识如何能被纳入他们的计划,满足于对生活如何将他塑造为那种工具的方式非常模糊的了解。事实上,《米德尔马契》指望吞下《利德盖特》并非常舒舒服服地消化他。

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virgins /ˈvɜːrdʒɪnz/

n. 处女；未经开发的人/物➕

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gray-bearded /ˌɡreɪ ˈbɪrdɪd/

adj. 灰白胡须的➕

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haste /heɪst/

n. 匆忙,急忙➕

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conjecture /kənˈdʒektʃər/

v. 推测,猜测➕

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wrought /rɔːt/

v. 造成；加工；精心制作➕

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contented /kənˈtentɪd/

adj. 满意的,满足的➕

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vague /veɪɡ/

adj. 模糊的；含糊的➕

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instrumentality /ˌɪnstrəmenˈtæləti/

n. 媒介,手段；工具性➕

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assimilating /əˈsɪməleɪtɪŋ/

v. 吸收,同化➕

Book 2. Old And Young – Chapter three (第三章)

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