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Book Thirteen: 1812 – Chapter three (第三章)

探索《战争与和平》第3章,包含英文原文、简体中文翻译、详细的雅思词汇与解释,以及英文原版音频。聆听并提升您的阅读技能。

英文原文
翻译
雅思词汇 (ZH-CN)

俄军由库图佐夫及其参谋部指挥,同时也受到来自彼得堡的皇帝节制。在莫斯科失守的消息传到彼得堡之前,一份详尽的整个战役计划已经拟好并送交库图佐夫作为行动指南。尽管这份计划是建立在莫斯科仍在我军手中的假设之上,但它得到了参谋部的批准,并被接受为行动基础。库图佐夫只回复说,从远方制定的调动总是难以执行。于是,新的指令被送来解决可能遇到的困难,同时还有新的人员来监视库图佐夫的行动并向其汇报。

🔊
abandonment /əˈbændənmənt/
n. 放弃,遗弃
🔊
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/
n. 战役,运动
🔊
guidance /ˈɡaɪdəns/
n. 指导,引导
🔊
supposition /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/
n. 假设,假定
🔊
execute /ˈeksɪkjuːt/
v. 执行,实施
🔊
encountered /ɪnˈkaʊntəd/
v. 遭遇(encounter的过去式)

除此之外,俄军整个参谋部现在也进行了重组。由战死的巴格拉季翁和负气离职的巴克莱留下的职位必须有人填补。人们非常认真地考虑着这样一个问题:是把A放到B的位置上、B放到D的位置上好,还是反过来把D放到A的位置上,诸如此类--仿佛这不过是在满足A或B的个人愿望。

🔊
reorganized /riːˈɔːɡənaɪzd/
v. 改组,重组
🔊
vacant /ˈveɪkənt/
adj. 空缺的,空的
🔊
dudgeon /ˈdʌdʒən/
n. 愤怒,不高兴
🔊
consideration /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən/
n. 考虑,体谅
🔊 As a result of the hostility between Kutuzov and Bennigsen, his Chief of Staff, the presence of confidential representatives of the Emperor, and these transfers, a more than usually complicated play of parties was going on among the staff of the army. A was undermining B, D was undermining C, and so on in all possible combinations and permutations. In all these plottings the subject of intrigue was generally the conduct of the war, which all these men believed they were directing; but this affair of the war went on independently of them, as it had to go: that is, never in the way people devised, but flowing always from the essential attitude of the masses. Only in the highest spheres did all these schemes, crossings, and interminglings appear to be a true reflection of what had to happen.

由于库图佐夫与其参谋长本尼格森之间的敌意、皇帝亲信代表的存在以及这些人员调动,俄军参谋部内部形成了一场比平时更为复杂的派系博弈。A在暗中破坏B,D在暗中破坏C,如此这般,所有可能的组合与排列都出现了。在所有这些阴谋中,阴谋的主题通常是战争的指挥--这些人自以为在主导着战争;但这场战争的事务却独立于他们而进行着,正如它本该进行的那样:也就是说,战争从来不会按人们设计的方式进行,而是始终源自群众的基本态势。只有在最高层面,所有这些计谋、交织和纠缠才看似是必然发生之事的真实反映。

🔊
hostility /hɒˈstɪləti/
n. 敌意,敌对
🔊
confidential /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəl/
adj. 机密的,秘密的
🔊
representatives /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪvz/
n. 代表(representative的复数)
🔊
transfers /trænsˈfɜːrz/
n. 转移,调动
🔊
complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/
adj. 复杂的
🔊
combinations /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
n. 组合(combination的复数)
🔊
permutations /ˌpɜːmjʊˈteɪʃənz/
n. 排列(permutation的复数)
🔊
plottings /ˈplɒtɪŋz/
n. 阴谋活动(plotting的复数)
🔊
intrigue /ɪnˈtriːɡ/
n. 阴谋,诡计
🔊
conduct /ˈkɒndʌkt/
n. 行为,管理
🔊
independently /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/
adv. 独立地
🔊
devised /dɪˈvaɪzd/
v. 设计,发明(devise的过去式)
🔊
flowing /ˈfləʊɪŋ/
v. 流动(flow的现在分词)
🔊
essential /ɪˈsenʃəl/
adj. 基本的,本质的
🔊
attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/
n. 态度,看法
🔊
masses /ˈmæsɪz/
n. 群众,大众(mass的复数)
🔊
spheres /sfɪərz/
n. 领域,范围(sphere的复数)
🔊
schemes /skiːmz/
n. 计划,阴谋(scheme的复数)
🔊
crossings /ˈkrɒsɪŋz/
n. 交叉,十字路口(crossing的复数)
🔊
interminglings /ˌɪntəˈmɪŋɡlɪŋz/
n. 混合(intermingling的复数)
🔊
reflection /rɪˈflekʃən/
n. 反映,反射
🔊
undermining /ˌʌndəˈmaɪnɪŋ/
v. 破坏(undermine的现在分词)
🔊 Prince Michael Ilarionovich! (wrote the Emperor on the second of October in a letter that reached Kutuzov after the battle at Tarutino) Since September 2 Moscow has been in the hands of the enemy. Your last reports were written on the twentieth, and during all this time not only has no action been taken against the enemy or for the relief of the ancient capital, but according to your last report you have even retreated farther. Serpukhov is already occupied by an enemy detachment and Tula with its famous arsenal, so indispensable to the army, is in danger. From General Wintzingerode's reports, I see that an enemy corps of ten thousand men is moving on the Petersburg road. Another corps of several thousand men is moving on Dmitrov. A third has advanced along the Vladimir road, and a fourth, rather considerable detachment is stationed between Ruza and Mozhaysk. Napoleon himself was in Moscow as late as the twenty-fifth. In view of all this information, when the enemy has scattered his forces in large detachments, and with Napoleon and his Guards in Moscow, is it possible that the enemy's forces confronting you are so considerable as not to allow of your taking the offensive? On the contrary, he is probably pursuing you with detachments, or at most with an army corps much weaker than the army entrusted to you. It would seem that, availing yourself of these circumstances, you might advantageously attack a weaker one and annihilate him, or at least oblige him to retreat, retaining in our hands an important part of the provinces now occupied by the enemy, and thereby averting danger from Tula and other towns in the interior. You will be responsible if the enemy is able to direct a force of any size against Petersburg to threaten this capital in which it has not been possible to retain many troops; for with the army entrusted to you, and acting with resolution and energy, you have ample means to avert this fresh calamity. Remember that you have still to answer to our offended country for the loss of Moscow. You have experienced my readiness to reward you.

米哈伊尔·伊拉里奥诺维奇公爵!(皇帝在10月2日致库图佐夫的信中写道,此信在塔鲁季诺战役后送达库图佐夫)自9月2日起,莫斯科已落入敌手。您上次的报告写于20日,在此期间,不仅没有对敌人采取任何行动或拯救古都,而且根据您最近的报告,您甚至进一步后撤。谢尔普霍夫已被敌军一支分遣队占领,图拉及其著名的军工厂--军队不可或缺--正面临危险。根据将军温岑格罗德的报告,我看到一支一万人的敌军正朝彼得堡方向移动。另一支数千人的军队正向德米特罗夫移动。第三支沿着弗拉基米尔大道推进,第四支相当大的分遣队驻扎在鲁扎和莫扎伊斯克之间。拿破仑本人截至25日仍在莫斯科。鉴于所有这些情报,当敌人将其部队分散成多个大队时,并且拿破仑及其近卫军就在莫斯科,难道您面前的敌军力量真的如此强大,以至于不允许您采取进攻行动吗?相反,他很可能正在用分遣队追击您,最多用一个军团--而这支军团远弱于您统率的部队。似乎,利用这些情况,您本可以有利地攻击较弱之敌并予以歼灭,或至少迫使其撤退,从而将敌人目前占领的各省中的重要部分保留在我们手中,并由此避免图拉及其他内地城镇的危险。如果敌人得以调动任何规模的部队去威胁彼得堡--这座无法保留众多军队的首都,您将承担全部责任;因为凭借您统率的军队,只要坚决而有力地行动,您完全有能力避免这场新的灾难。请记住,您还需要为失去莫斯科向我们受创的祖国负责。您已经体验过我乐于奖赏您的诚意。

🔊
arsenal /ˈɑːrsənl/
n. 军械库,兵工厂
🔊
indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/
adj. 不可或缺的,必需的
🔊
corps /kɔːr/
n. 军团,部队
🔊
confronting /kənˈfrʌntɪŋ/
v. 面对(confront的现在分词)
🔊
offensive /əˈfensɪv/
n. 进攻,攻势
🔊
pursuing /pərˈsjuːɪŋ/
v. 追逐(pursue的现在分词)
🔊
entrusted /ɪnˈtrʌstɪd/
v. 委托(entrust的过去分词)
🔊
availing /əˈveɪlɪŋ/
v. 利用(avail的现在分词)
🔊
circumstances /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsɪz/
n. 情况,环境
🔊
advantageously /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəsli/
adv. 有利地,优势地
🔊
annihilate /əˈnaɪəleɪt/
v. 歼灭,消灭
🔊
oblige /əˈblaɪdʒ/
v. 迫使,使感激
🔊
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/
v. 撤退,后退
🔊
retaining /rɪˈteɪnɪŋ/
v. 保留(retain的现在分词)
🔊
provinces /ˈprɒvɪnsɪz/
n. 省份(province的复数)
🔊
averting /əˈvɜːrtɪŋ/
v. 避免(avert的现在分词)
🔊
interior /ɪnˈtɪəriər/
n. 内部,内陆
🔊
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/
adj. 负责的,有责任的
🔊
threaten /ˈθretn/
v. 威胁,恐吓
🔊
retain /rɪˈteɪn/
v. 保留,保持
🔊
troops /truːps/
n. 军队,部队
🔊
resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃən/
n. 决心,决议
🔊
ample /ˈæmpl/
adj. 充足的,丰富的
🔊
avert /əˈvɜːrt/
v. 避免,防止
🔊
calamity /kəˈlæməti/
n. 灾难,不幸事件
🔊
offended /əˈfendɪd/
adj. 被冒犯的,受委屈的
🔊
readiness /ˈredinəs/
n. 准备就绪,愿意
🔊
reward /rɪˈwɔːrd/
v. 奖励,奖赏
🔊
occupied /ˈɒkjʊpaɪd/
adj. 被占领的,被占用的
🔊
detachment /dɪˈtætʃmənt/
n. 分遣队,分离
🔊
considerable /kənˈsɪdərəbl/
adj. 相当大的,重要的
🔊
stationed /ˈsteɪʃənd/
v. 驻扎(station的过去分词)

但当这封证明彼得堡已感受到实际兵力对比的信件发出时,库图佐夫已发现自己再也无法约束其统率的军队不发起进攻了,于是一场战斗发生了。

🔊
dispatched /dɪˈspætʃt/
v. 派遣,发送(dispatch的过去分词)
🔊
restrain /rɪˈstreɪn/
v. 克制,抑制

10月2日,一名外出侦察的哥萨克--沙波瓦洛夫--打死了一只野兔,并打伤了另一只。他追着那只受伤的野兔深入森林,意外发现了缪拉军队的左翼,那里毫无戒备地扎营。哥萨克笑着告诉同伴们他差点落入法军之手。一名骑兵少尉听到这个故事后,报告给了他的指挥官。哥萨克被叫来审问。哥萨克军官们想利用这个机会夺取一些马匹,但一名与高层相识的高级军官将此事报告给了参谋部的一位将军。

🔊
scouting /ˈskaʊtɪŋ/
v. 侦察(scout的现在分词)
🔊
flank /flæŋk/
n. 侧翼,侧面
🔊
encamped /ɪnˈkæmpt/
v. 扎营(encamp的过去分词)
🔊
precautions /prɪˈkɔːʃənz/
n. 预防措施(precaution的复数)
🔊
cornet /ˈkɔːrnɪt/
n. 骑兵掌旗官
🔊
informed /ɪnˈfɔːrmd/
v. 通知(inform的过去式)
🔊
commander /kəˈmændər/
n. 指挥官,司令官
🔊
superior /suːˈpɪriər/
adj. 上级的,较高的
🔊
acquainted /əˈkweɪntɪd/
v. 熟悉(acquaint的过去分词)
🔊
authorities /əˈθɔːrətiz/
n. 当局,权威(authority的复数)
🔊
incident /ˈɪnsɪdənt/
n. 事件,事故
🔊
capture /ˈkæptʃər/
v. 捕获,夺取
🔊 The state of things on the staff had of late been exceedingly strained. Ermolov had been to see Bennigsen a few days previously and had entreated him to use his influence with the commander in chief to induce him to take the offensive.

最近参谋部的情况异常紧张。几天前,叶尔莫洛夫曾去见本尼格森,恳求他利用自己对总司令的影响力,说服其采取进攻行动。

🔊
exceedingly /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/
adv. 极其,非常
🔊
strained /streɪnd/
adj. 紧张的,不自然的
🔊
previously /ˈpriːviəsli/
adv. 以前,先前
🔊
entreated /ɪnˈtriːtɪd/
v. 恳求(entreat的过去式)
🔊
influence /ˈɪnfluəns/
n. 影响,影响力
🔊
induce /ɪnˈdjuːs/
v. 劝说,引诱
🔊
commander in chief /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/
n. 总司令

“如果我不认识你,我会以为你并不想要你所请求的东西。我只消提出任何建议,殿下就必定会反其道而行之。”本尼格森回答道。

🔊
advise /ədˈvaɪz/
v. 建议,劝告
🔊
opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/
adj. 相反的,对面的
🔊 The Cossack's report, confirmed by horse patrols who were sent out, was the final proof that events had matured. The tightly coiled spring was released, the clock began to whirr and the chimes to play. Despite all his supposed power, his intellect, his experience, and his knowledge of men, Kutuzov--having taken into consideration the Cossack's report, a note from Bennigsen who sent personal reports to the Emperor, the wishes he supposed the Emperor to hold, and the fact that all the generals expressed the same wish--could no longer check the inevitable movement, and gave the order to do what he regarded as useless and harmful--gave his approval, that is, to the accomplished fact.

哥萨克的报告--由派出侦查的骑兵巡逻队证实--最终证明了事态已经成熟。紧绷的弹簧松开了,时钟开始嗡嗡作响,报时声响起。尽管库图佐夫拥有人们所认为的一切权力、智慧、经验和识人之明,但考虑到哥萨克的报告、本尼格森(他直接向皇帝呈送个人报告)的便条、他猜测的皇帝的意愿,以及所有将军都表达同样的愿望这一事实,他再也无法阻止这不可避免的行动,于是下令去做他认为无用且有害的事--也就是说,他批准了这一既成事实。

🔊
confirmed /kənˈfɜːrmd/
v. 确认(confirm的过去分词)
🔊
patrols /pəˈtrəʊlz/
n. 巡逻队(patrol的复数)
🔊
matured /məˈtjʊərd/
v. 成熟(mature的过去分词)
🔊
tightly /ˈtaɪtli/
adv. 紧紧地,牢固地
🔊
coiled /kɔɪld/
adj. 盘绕的,卷曲的
🔊
spring /sprɪŋ/
n. 弹簧,弹簧
🔊
released /rɪˈliːst/
v. 释放(release的过去分词)
🔊
whirr /wɜːr/
v. 发出嗡嗡声,呼呼响
🔊
chimes /tʃaɪmz/
n. 钟声,钟琴(chime的复数)
🔊
supposed /səˈpəʊzd/
adj. 假定的,所谓的
🔊
intellect /ˈɪntəlekt/
n. 智力,才智
🔊
experience /ɪkˈspɪriəns/
n. 经验,经历
🔊
knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/
n. 知识,了解
🔊
inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/
adj. 不可避免的
🔊
regarded /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/
v. 认为,看待(regard的过去式)
🔊
useless /ˈjuːsləs/
adj. 无用的,无效的
🔊
harmful /ˈhɑːrmfəl/
adj. 有害的
🔊
approval /əˈpruːvəl/
n. 批准,认可
🔊
accomplished /əˈkʌmplɪʃt/
adj. 完成的,有成就的
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翻译与词汇解析由 Learn-en.org 英语教研组 资深专家提供,
基于权威英语语料库及文学译本审校,适用于雅思/学术英语深度研读。